Warfare in Biodiversity Hotspots
Warfare in Biodiversity Hotspots
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01166.x
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发表时间：
2009-06-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
John D. Pilgrim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hanson, Thor;Brooks, Thomas M.;John D. Pilgrim
保护工作的可持续性取决于它们所处的社会和政治环境。战争期间社会政治框架的削弱或崩溃可能导致生境的破坏和保护政策的侵蚀，但在某些情况下，也可能通过改变定居模式和减少资源开采而带来生态效益。1950年至2000年期间，90%以上的重大武装冲突发生在生物多样性热点国家，80%以上直接发生在热点地区。在这一时期，34个公认的热点地区中，只有不到三分之一的地区逃脱了重大冲突，而且大多数地区一再遭受暴力事件。这一模式在这50年中非常一致。来自饱受战争蹂躏的东非山地热点地区的证据表明，当国际非政府组织支持当地保护区工作人员并在整个冲突期间保持参与时，生物多样性保护得到改善。由于生物多样性热点集中在政治动荡地区，保护社区必须在战争期间保持持续参与，生物多样性保护应纳入世界冲突地区的军事，重建和人道主义计划。
Conservation efforts are only as sustainable as the social and political context within which they take place. The weakening or collapse of sociopolitical frameworks during wartime can lead to habitat destruction and the erosion of conservation policies, but in some cases, may also confer ecological benefits through altered settlement patterns and reduced resource exploitation. Over 90% of the major armed conflicts between 1950 and 2000 occurred within countries containing biodiversity hotspots, and more than 80% took place directly within hotspot areas. Less than one-third of the 34 recognized hotspots escaped significant conflict during this period, and most suffered repeated episodes of violence. This pattern was remarkably consistent over these 5 decades. Evidence from the war-torn Eastern Afromontane hotspot suggests that biodiversity conservation is improved when international nongovernmental organizations support local protected area staff and remain engaged throughout the conflict. With biodiversity hotspots concentrated in politically volatile regions, the conservation community must maintain continuous involvement during periods of war, and biodiversity conservation should be incorporated into military, reconstruction, and humanitarian programs in the world's conflict zones.