The Imperata grasslands of tropical Asia: area, distribution, and typology
The Imperata grasslands of tropical Asia: area, distribution, and typology
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亚洲热带白茅草原：面积、分布和类型
DOI：
10.1007/bf00142865
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发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Nik Muhamad Nik Ab. Majid
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Garrity;M. Soekardi;M. Noordwijk;R. D. Cruz;P. Pathak;H. Gunasena;N. V. So;G. Huijun;Nik Muhamad Nik Ab. Majid
恢复或强化利用耕地将需要更好地了解它们的面积、分布和特点。我们生成了对亚洲热带地区荒漠土地面积的估计，并提出了荒漠土地的类型分类，这可能有助于定义实现适当土地利用集约的途径。我们得出的结论是，亚洲耕地面积约为3500万公顷。这约占土地总面积的4%。耕地面积最大的国家是印度尼西亚(850万公顷)和印度(800万公顷)。面积最大的国家是斯里兰卡(23%)、菲律宾(17%)和越南(9%)。显然，老挝、泰国、缅甸和孟加拉国的土地面积都有类似的比例(约3%至4%)。马来西亚(1%)、柬埔寨(1%)和中国南部(2%)在帝国的土地总面积中只占很小的比例。该种广泛分布于各种土壤目。它在广泛的气候和海拔范围内既占据了肥沃的土壤(如一些初始土壤和棕壤)，又占据了贫瘠的土壤(黑土和棕壤)。与制图尺度相关的四种类型：超级草原、大草原、中草原和微草原。巨型草原通常被称为“SheetImperata”。它们是帝国的大片连续区域，会出现在比方说1：100万的小比例尺地图上。我们建议用一些对集约化途径有关键影响的额外因素来补充这一基本类型：土地质量、市场准入和耕作动力来源。该类型学被应用于帝国农地附近的印度尼西亚村庄的案例研究。我们提出了一项国际倡议，以绘制和绘制一幅更完整、更统一的无主农地区域的图景。这应该包括精选研究，以了解当地的情况。这些对于建立对本土资源开发系统的变革推动者的认识，以及它们与当地需求、价值观和制约因素之间的关系至关重要。
The rehabilitation or intensified use ofImperatagrasslands will require a much better understanding of their area, distribution, and characteristics. We generated estimates of the area ofImperatagrasslands in tropical Asia, and suggested a typology ofImperatagrasslands that may be useful to define the pathways toward appropriate land use intensification. We conclude that the area ofImperatagrasslands in Asia is about 35 million ha. This about 4% of the total land area. The countries with the largest area ofImperatagrasslands are Indonesia (8.5 million ha) and India (8.0 million ha). Those with the largest proportion of their surface area covered withImperataare Sri Lanka (23%), the Philippines (17%), and Vietnam (9%). Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, and Bangladesh evidently all have similar proportions of their land area infested withImperata(about 3 to 4%). Malaysia (< 1%), Cambodia (1%), and the southern part of China (2%) have but a minor proportion of their total land area inImperata. The species was found widely distributed on the full range of soil orders. It occupied both fertile (e.g. some of the Inceptisols and Andisols) and infertile soils (Ultisols and Oxisols) across a wide range of climates and elevations.Imperatalands fall into four mapping scale-related categories:Mega-grasslands, itmacro-grasslands, meso-grasslands, andmicro-grasslands. The mega-grasslands are often referred to as ‘sheetImperata’. They are the large contiguous areas ofImperatathat would appear on small-scale maps of say 1:1,000,000. We propose that this basic typology be supplemented with a number of additional components that have a key influence on intensification pathways: land quality, market access, and the source of power for tillage. The typology was applied in a case study of Indonesian villages in the vicinity ofImperatagrasslands. We propose an international initiative to map and derive a more complete and uniform picture of the area of theImperatagrasslands. This should include selected studies to understand conditions at the local level. These are critical to build the appreciation of change agents for the indigenous systems of resource exploitation, and how they relate to local needs, values and constraints.