Government Regulation and Modern Capitalism
Government Regulation and Modern Capitalism
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DOI：
10.1080/00213624.1969.11502910
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发表时间：
1969-03
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
H. Trebing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Trebing
政府干预和监管被认为是现代资本主义经济的一个组成部分。的确，资本主义社会，如美国，被不同地描述为多元化或混合经济，部分原因是政府扮演了许多不同的角色。政府通过各种手段塑造和指导经济活动，包括(1)维持竞争；(2)旨在促进充分就业和增长的货币和财政政策；（三）对影响公共利益的特定行业进行综合监管；(4)对一系列企业、行业和活动的部分或选择性间接监管；（五）公共投资支出；（六）工资价格指引或者路标。然而，可以在政府管制和旨在促进宏观一级充分就业和增长的公共政策以及旨在建立或维持竞争市场的政策之间作出有意义的区分。政府管制的显著特征是，就个人、企业和工业的行动而言，它涉及一种企图，即把社会判断和目标强加于现有的市场判断和目标之上。此外，政府监管的前提是相信，任何可预见或切实可行的相关市场重组，都不会在不给社会带来不可接受的负担的情况下，在社会利益与市场结果之间建立起兼容关系。因此，政府监管可以区别于旨在维持竞争的公共政策。在后者的情况下，集体目标和市场判断之间的分歧可以通过建立有效竞争的市场来调和。宏观政策，如
Government intervention and regulation are accepted as an integral part of a modem capitalist economy. Indeed, capitalistic societies, such as the United States, are variously described as pluralistic or mixed economies, in part because of the many different roles which government has come to play. Government shapes and directs economic activities through a variety of means, including (1) the maintenance of competition;(2) monetary and fiscal policies designed to promote full employment and growth;(3) comprehensive regulation of selected industries affected with the public interest;(4) partial or selective indirect regulation of a host of firms, industries and activities;(5) public investment expenditures; and (6) wageprice guidelines or guideposts.However, a meaningful distinction can be made between government regulation, on the one hand, and public pOlicies designed to promote full employment and growth at the macro level and those policies which are designed to establish or maintain competitive markets, on the other. The salient feature of government regulation is that it involves an attempt to impose social judgments and goals upon existing market judgments and goals insofar as the actions of persons, firms and industries are concerned. Furthermore, government regulation is premised on the belief that no foreseeable or practicable restructuring of the relevant markets will establish compatibility of interest between society and the market outcome without imposing unacceptable burdens on the former. 1 Hence, government regulation can be distinguished from public policies aimed at the maintenance of competition. In the case of the latter, a divergence between collective and market goals and judgments can be reconciled through the establishment of work ably competitive markets. Macro policies, such as