Alcohol-Induced Blackout as a Criminal Defense or Mitigating Factor: An Evidence-Based Review and Admissibility as Scientific Evidence
Alcohol-Induced Blackout as a Criminal Defense or Mitigating Factor: An Evidence-Based Review and Admissibility as Scientific Evidence
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DOI：
10.1111/1556-4029.12134
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发表时间：
2013-07-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Caudill, David S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pressman, Mark R.;Caudill, David S.
与酒精有关的健忘症--酒精失忆--是刑事被告的常见说法。一般认为，在酒精中断期间，其他认知功能严重受损或缺失。在法庭上将酒精昏迷作为科学证据提出，要求科学符合法律的可靠性标准（Frye，FRE 702/Daubert）。为了确定“禁酒”是否符合这些标准，对已发表的科学研究进行了基于证据的分析。共有26个实证研究，其中包括9个酒精停电诱导和直接观察。没有客观或科学的方法来验证酒精性昏厥的存在，而它正在发生或确认其存在回顾性确定。只有短期记忆受损，其他认知功能计划、注意力和社交技能没有受损。酒精性昏厥似乎不符合科学证据的标准，不应被接受。
Alcohol-related amnesia-alcohol blackout-is a common claim of criminal defendants. The generally held belief is that during an alcohol blackout, other cognitive functioning is severely impaired or absent. The presentation of alcohol blackout as scientific evidence in court requires that the science meets legal reliability standards (Frye, FRE702/Daubert). To determine whether "alcohol blackout" meets these standards, an evidence-based analysis of published scientific studies was conducted. A total of 26 empirical studies were identified including nine in which an alcohol blackout was induced and directly observed. No objective or scientific method to verify the presence of an alcoholic blackout while it is occurring or to confirm its presence retrospectively was identified. Only short-term memory is impaired and other cognitive functions-planning, attention, and social skills-are not impaired. Alcoholic blackouts would not appear to meet standards for scientific evidence and should not be admissible.