The cytoplasm of living cells behaves as a poroelastic material.
The cytoplasm of living cells behaves as a poroelastic material.
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细胞质是细胞体积最大的部分，因此其流变学决定了细胞形状变化发生的速率。最近的实验证据表明，细胞质流变学可以通过多孔弹性模型来描述，其中细胞质被视为由沐浴在间质液（细胞质）中的多孔弹性固体网络（细胞骨架、细胞器、大分子）组成的双相材料。在这张图中，细胞变形的速度受到细胞内水在细胞质内重新分配的速度的限制。然而，该模型缺乏直接支持证据。在这里，我们使用微压痕测试结合机械、化学和遗传处理，直接验证多孔弹性模型，以解释生理相关时间尺度的细胞流变学。我们的结果表明，水通过细胞质固相（细胞骨架和大分子聚集体）的重新分配在设定细胞流变学中起着重要作用。
The cytoplasm is the largest part of the cell by volume and hence its rheology sets the rate at which cellular shape changes can occur. Recent experimental evidence suggests that cytoplasmic rheology can be described by a poroelastic model, in which the cytoplasm is treated as a biphasic material consisting of a porous elastic solid meshwork (cytoskeleton, organelles, macromolecules) bathed in an interstitial fluid (cytosol). In this picture, the rate of cellular deformation is limited by the rate at which intracellular water can redistribute within the cytoplasm. However, direct supporting evidence for the model is lacking. Here we directly validate the poroelastic model to explain cellular rheology at physiologically relevant timescales using microindentation tests in conjunction with mechanical, chemical and genetic treatments. Our results show that water redistribution through the solid phase of the cytoplasm (cytoskeleton and macromolecular crowders) plays a fundamental role in setting cellular rheology.
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