Parkinson's Disease: Biomarkers, Treatment, and Risk Factors.
Parkinson's Disease: Biomarkers, Treatment, and Risk Factors.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2018.00612
复制
发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Surguchov A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Emamzadeh FN;Surguchov A
帕金森病（PD）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，主要由大脑中多巴胺缺乏引起。多巴胺是一种参与运动、动机、记忆和其他功能的神经递质；多巴胺能细胞死亡导致PD脑内多巴胺能水平下降。PD脑中的多巴胺缺失是运动缺陷的原因之一，也可能是某些PD患者认知缺陷的原因之一。由于从多巴胺能细胞首次损伤到临床症状出现之间有很长的潜伏期，PD在早期通常无法被识别。因此，寻找可靠的分子生物标志物，将PD与其他疾病区分开来，监测其进展，或对治疗干预给出积极反应的指示是非常重要的。PD生物标志物可细分为四种主要类型：临床、影像、生化和遗传。长期以来，血液、血清、脑脊液（CSF）中的蛋白质生物标志物、多巴胺代谢物、氨基酸等被认为是最有前途的。在已测试的候选生物标志物中，各种形式的α-突触核蛋白（α-syn），即可溶性，聚集性，翻译后修饰等被认为可能是最有效的。然而，最近令人鼓舞的结果表明，基于microrna的分析可能会带来相当大的进展，特别是如果它与α-syn数据相结合。另一个有前景的分析是体液的高级代谢物分析，称为“代谢组学”，它可能揭示PD不同阶段的代谢指纹。PD的常规药物治疗是基于使用多巴胺前体（左旋多巴、左旋多巴、l -3,4二羟基苯丙氨酸）、多巴胺激动剂（金刚烷胺、阿波啡）和MAO-B抑制剂（selegiline、rasagiline）替代多巴胺，这些药物可以单独使用，也可以相互联合使用。潜在的危险因素包括环境毒素、药物、农药、脑微创伤、局灶性脑血管损伤和基因组缺陷。本文综述了可能作为帕金森病生物标志物的分子。然后，讨论PD的危险因素（包括遗传因素和非遗传因素）和PD的治疗方案。
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused mainly by lack of dopamine in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in movement, motivation, memory, and other functions; its level is decreased in PD brain as a result of dopaminergic cell death. Dopamine loss in PD brain is a cause of motor deficiency and, possibly, a reason of the cognitive deficit observed in some PD patients. PD is mostly not recognized in its early stage because of a long latency between the first damage to dopaminergic cells and the onset of clinical symptoms. Therefore, it is very important to find reliable molecular biomarkers that can distinguish PD from other conditions, monitor its progression, or give an indication of a positive response to a therapeutic intervention. PD biomarkers can be subdivided into four main types: clinical, imaging, biochemical, and genetic. For a long time protein biomarkers, dopamine metabolites, amino acids, etc. in blood, serum, cerebrospinal liquid (CSF) were considered the most promising. Among the candidate biomarkers that have been tested, various forms of α-synuclein (α-syn), i.e., soluble, aggregated, post-translationally modified, etc. were considered potentially the most efficient. However, the encouraging recent results suggest that microRNA-based analysis may bring considerable progress, especially if it is combined with α-syn data. Another promising analysis is the advanced metabolite profiling of body fluids, called “metabolomics” which may uncover metabolic fingerprints specific for various stages of PD. Conventional pharmacological treatment of PD is based on the replacement of dopamine using dopamine precursors (levodopa, L-DOPA, L-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine), dopamine agonists (amantadine, apomorphine) and MAO-B inhibitors (selegiline, rasagiline), which can be used alone or in combination with each other. Potential risk factors include environmental toxins, drugs, pesticides, brain microtrauma, focal cerebrovascular damage, and genomic defects. This review covers molecules that might act as the biomarkers of PD. Then, PD risk factors (including genetics and non-genetic factors) and PD treatment options are discussed.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bronstein JM;Tagliati M;Alterman RL;Lozano AM;Volkmann J;Stefani A;Horak FB;Okun MS;Foote KD;Krack P;Pahwa R;Henderson JM;Hariz MI;Bakay RA;Rezai A;Marks WJ Jr;Moro E;Vitek JL;Weaver FM;Gross RE;DeLong MR
通讯作者：
DeLong MR
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Chartier-Harlin, Marie-Christine;Dachsel, Justus C.;Farrer, Matthew J.
通讯作者：
Farrer, Matthew J.
影响因子：
9.9
作者：
Blandini, F;Sinforiani, E;Martignoni, E
通讯作者：
Martignoni, E
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Clairembault, Thomas;Kamphuis, Willem;Derkinderen, Pascal
通讯作者：
Derkinderen, Pascal
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Das, Gautami;Misra, Amar K.;Ray, Jharna
通讯作者：
Ray, Jharna