Cost-Benefit Analysis of Nuclear Waste Disposal: Accounting for Safeguards
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Nuclear Waste Disposal: Accounting for Safeguards
复制标题
核废料处置的成本效益分析：保障措施的核算
DOI：
10.1177/016224398501000405
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发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Cassedy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Grossman;E. Cassedy
来自世界各地商业和军事设施的高放射性废物储存迅速增长，再也不能被忽视。而且，随着问题的严重性和迫切性越来越广为人知，立法机构、科学家和大众媒体越来越重视放射性废物处理问题。不幸的是，更多的讨论和研究导致了很少有明确的行动计划。例如，美国国会已经采取行动，为商业反应堆产生的放射性废物提供永久处置地点，但立法没有明确这些地点的位置，以及一旦确定地点，废物将如何焚烧。无论是这些问题，还是围绕着放射性废物问题的许多其他问题，都没有简单的答案。这个问题引起了相当大的情绪，任何负责任的计划都可能耗资高达数十亿美元。能否取得成功在很大程度上将取决于处置所采用的技术和安全标准。2迄今为止，讨论的焦点是能否找到地点，以及能否使储存方法足够健全，以防止有毒废物意外泄漏到环境中。因为大多数商业反应堆产生的放射性废物将在106年以上的时间里保持有毒，而大量的放射性废物将在104年以上的时间里极其危险*，意外释放会造成
The rapidly growing stores of high-level radioactive waste from both commercial and military facilities worldwide can no longer be ignored. And, as the enormity and immediacy of the problems have become more widely known, legislatures, scientists, and the mass media have given the issue of radioactive waste disposal more and more attention. Unfortunately, the increased discussion and study have led to few definite plans of action. The U.S. Congress, for example, has acted to provide permanent disposal sites for radwastes from commercial reactors, but the legislation leaves open the location of those sites and how waste will be interred once the sites are determined.' Neither these nor the many other questions surrounding the radwaste issue have easy answers. The issue arouses considerable emotion, and any responsible plan is likely to cost as much as several billion dollars. Much of the success will depend on the technologies and the safety criteria adopted for disposal.2 To date, discussion has centered on whether sites can be found and whether storage methods can be made sound enough to prevent accidental leakage of toxic wastes into the environment. Because radwastes from most commercial reactors will remain toxic for more than 106 years and large quantities will be extremely dangerous for more than 104 years*, accidental release poses