Multi-proxy lake sediment record of prehistoric (Paleoindian–Archaic) archaeological paleoenvironments at Rice Lake, Ontario, Canada
Multi-proxy lake sediment record of prehistoric (Paleoindian–Archaic) archaeological paleoenvironments at Rice Lake, Ontario, Canada
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加拿大安大略省赖斯湖史前（古印度-古代）考古古环境的多代理湖泊沉积物记录
DOI：
10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.05.012
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
E. Reinhardt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elizabeth P. Sonnenburg;J. Boyce;E. Reinhardt
古印第安人到达下五大湖（约11.5 ka cal. BP）与低水位湖泊阶段和安大略南部快速的环境变化相吻合。在安大略湖以北的考古资源丰富的米湖，早全新世水位的上升淹没了古印第安人和印第安人开发的湿地。为了更好地了解水下考古遗址的分布和米湖的水位历史，进行了详细的多代理研究，从开放的湖泊和浅（<4米）泻湖附近的麦金太尔考古遗址（古印第安人时代）提取的振动。核心进行了分析，颗粒大小，thecamoebians（有壳变形虫），磁化率和存在microdebitage（工具石碎片），以确定水位的变化，湖泊营养状态和淹没考古遗址的位置。盆地地层由全新世富含有机质的泥（gyttja），层积泥灰岩，泥炭覆盖冰川易洛魁湖砂和粘土矿床。两个侵蚀间断表明低水位阶段（EH-1约12.5-11 ka cal. BP EH-2约6-3 ka cal. BP）的颗粒大小和thecamoebian丰度和组合的快速变化确定。在开放的湖盆的优势thecamoebian物种Arcella vulgaris和Centropyxis constricta 'aerophila'，表明整个全新世湖泊的营养状态保持稳定。在麦金太尔泻湖，EH-1低地与一个独特的沼泽和湿地物种（Bullinularia和Phryganella属）。沿着微债务的恢复，表明古印第安人可能正在开发湿地资源，如植物，鱼类和水禽。我们发现，湖泊古环境的研究，使用多代理方法提供了额外的信息，以确定考古潜力的领域，并获得更多的了解古印第安人和古印第安人在南安大略的资源采购战略。
The arrival of Paleoindian peoples in the lower Great Lakes (ca 11.5 ka cal. BP) coincided with a phase of lowstand lakes and rapid environmental change in southern Ontario. At Rice Lake, an archaeologically-rich area north of Lake Ontario, rising Early Holocene water levels inundated wetland areas exploited by Paleoindian and Archaic peoples. In order to better understand the distribution of submerged archaeological sites and the water level history of Rice Lake, a detailed multi-proxy study was conducted on two vibracores extracted from the open lake and a shallow (<4 m) lagoon adjacent to the McIntyre archaeological site (Paleoindian–Archaic-era). Cores were analyzed for particle size, thecamoebians (testate amoebae), magnetic susceptibility and presence of microdebitage (tool lithic fragments) to determine changes in water levels, lake trophic status and the location of submerged archaeological sites. The basin stratigraphy consisted of Holocene organic-rich muds (gyttja), laminated marls, and peats overlying glacial Lake Iroquois sands and clay deposits. Two erosional hiatuses indicating lowstand phases (EH-1 ca 12.5–11 ka cal. BP EH-2 ca 6–3 ka cal. BP) were identified by rapid shifts in particle size and thecamoebian abundance and assemblages. The dominant thecamoebian species in the open lake basin were Arcella vulgaris and Centropyxis constricta ‘aerophila’, indicating the trophic status of the lake has remained stable throughout the Holocene. In the McIntyre lagoon, the EH-1 lowstand was associated with a unique bog and wetland species (Bullinularia and Phryganella sp.) along with the recovery of microdebitage, indicating that Paleoindian peoples were likely exploiting wetland resources such as plants, fish and waterfowl. We show that the study of lacustrine paleoenvironments using a multi-proxy approach provides additional information for identifying areas of archaeological potential and gaining additional understanding of settlement patterns and resource procurement strategies of Paleoindian and Archaic peoples in Southern Ontario.