Liquefaction and Related Ground Failure from July 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence
Liquefaction and Related Ground Failure from July 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence
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DOI：
10.1785/0120200025
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发表时间：
2020-07
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
P. Zimmaro;C. Nweke;Janis L. Hernandez;K. Hudson;M. B. Hudson;Sean K. Ahdi;M. Boggs;C. Davis;C. Goulet;S. Brandenberg;K. Hudnut;J. Stewart
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文献类型：
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作者：
P. Zimmaro;C. Nweke;Janis L. Hernandez;K. Hudson;M. B. Hudson;Sean K. Ahdi;M. Boggs;C. Davis;C. Goulet;S. Brandenberg;K. Hudnut;J. Stewart
2019年里奇克雷斯特地震序列产生了7月4日的6.5级前震和7月5日的7.1级主震，沿着主震后24小时内震级大于4.5的23次事件。两次主要地震的震中都位于印第安威尔斯山谷，在西尔斯山谷西北部，靠近里奇克雷斯特、特罗纳和阿古斯镇。我们描述了所观察到的液化表现，包括砂沸，裂缝，和横向扩展功能，以及接近非地面故障区，导致序列。扩大最初提出的结果在报告中的岩土极端事件侦察协会，我们合成的结果，实地测绘，航空影像，并推断地面变形的合成孔径雷达为基础的损害代理地图（DPM）。我们记录了海军航空武器站中国湖美军基地的液化、沉降和横向扩散事件，并将这些观察结果与事件前后的液化危害图进行了比较。我们描述了液化和地面破坏的特点，在Trona和阿格斯，产生横向变形和影响的几个单层砌体和木框架建筑。为这些城镇提供了详细的地图，显示了有和没有地面破坏的区域，沿着有绘制的地面变形沿着横断面。最后，我们描述了大规模液化事件与相关的地面故障和邻近地区的类似地质起源没有地面故障的Searles湖床。该地区的观测结果与地球物理学家预测的地表变化一致。在同一地区，地理空间液化危害图可以有效地确定与液化有关的损害的土地的广泛百分比。我们预计，在这篇文章中提出的数据将是有用的未来液化敏感性，触发和后果的研究正在进行的下一代液化项目的一部分。
The 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence produced a 4 July M 6.5 foreshock and a 5 July M 7.1 mainshock, along with 23 events with magnitudes greater than 4.5 in the 24 hr period following the mainshock. The epicenters of the two principal events were located in the Indian Wells Valley, northwest of Searles Valley near the towns of Ridgecrest, Trona, and Argus. We describe observed liquefaction manifestations including sand boils, fissures, and lateral spreading features, as well as proximate non-ground failure zones that resulted from the sequence. Expanding upon results initially presented in a report of the Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance Association, we synthesize results of field mapping, aerial imagery, and inferences of ground deformations from Synthetic Aperture Radar-based damage proxy maps (DPMs). We document incidents of liquefaction, settlement, and lateral spreading in the Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake US military base and compare locations of these observations to pre- and postevent mapping of liquefaction hazards. We describe liquefaction and ground-failure features in Trona and Argus, which produced lateral deformations and impacts on several single-story masonry and wood frame buildings. Detailed maps showing zones with and without ground failure are provided for these towns, along with mapped ground deformations along transects. Finally, we describe incidents of massive liquefaction with related ground failures and proximate areas of similar geologic origin without ground failure in the Searles Lakebed. Observations in this region are consistent with surface change predicted by the DPM. In the same region, geospatial liquefaction hazard maps are effective at identifying broad percentages of land with liquefaction-related damage. We anticipate that data presented in this article will be useful for future liquefaction susceptibility, triggering, and consequence studies being undertaken as part of the Next Generation Liquefaction project.