Biosynthetic pathways of triterpenoids and strategies to improve their Biosynthetic Efficiency.
Biosynthetic pathways of triterpenoids and strategies to improve their Biosynthetic Efficiency.
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三萜类化合物的生物合成途径及提高其生物合成效率的策略
DOI：
10.1007/s10725-022-00818-9
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Shu S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Noushahi HA;Khan AH;Noushahi UF;Hussain M;Javed T;Zafar M;Batool M;Ahmed U;Liu K;Harrison MT;Saud S;Fahad S;Shu S
“三萜类”可以被认为是角鲨烯环化的天然产物，产生3-脱氧三萜烃或3-羟基三萜烯。三萜类化合物是这两类三萜类化合物的代谢物，通过碳骨架的官能化作用而产生。它们可以根据它们的结构公式/设计被归类为不同的组。三萜类化合物是一类重要的化合物，广泛应用于药理、食品和工业生物技术等领域。然而，合成方法的不足和对三萜类化合物生物合成的认识不足，如其结构、酶活性以及生产纯和活性三萜类化合物的方法，是限制这些活性代谢物生产的关键问题。本文综述了三萜类化合物的衍生物、药理性质和生物合成途径，并对其生物合成途径中涉及的酶类进行了综述。此外，我们总结了三萜类化合物的筛选方法，确定了参与途径的基因，并重点介绍了通过合成生物学方法提高其生物合成产量以促进三萜类化合物商业化进程的适当策略。
“Triterpenoids” can be considered natural products derived from the cyclization of squalene, yielding 3-deoxytriterpenes (hydrocarbons) or 3-hydroxytriterpenes. Triterpenoids are metabolites of these two classes of triterpenes, produced by the functionalization of their carbon skeleton. They can be categorized into different groups based on their structural formula/design. Triterpenoids are an important group of compounds that are widely used in the fields of pharmacology, food, and industrial biotechnology. However, inadequate synthetic methods and insufficient knowledge of the biosynthesis of triterpenoids, such as their structure, enzymatic activity, and the methods used to produce pure and active triterpenoids, are key problems that limit the production of these active metabolites. Here, we summarize the derivatives, pharmaceutical properties, and biosynthetic pathways of triterpenoids and review the enzymes involved in their biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, we concluded the screening methods, identified the genes involved in the pathways, and highlighted the appropriate strategies used to enhance their biosynthetic production to facilitate the commercial process of triterpenoids through the synthetic biology method.