Presence of cues from stressed conspecifics increases reactivity to aversive events in cattle: Evidence for the existence of alarm substances in urine
Presence of cues from stressed conspecifics increases reactivity to aversive events in cattle: Evidence for the existence of alarm substances in urine
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DOI：
10.1016/s0031-9384(97)00466-6
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发表时间：
1998-02-15
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Le Neindre, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boissy, A;Terlouw, C;Le Neindre, P
在像牛这样的群居物种中，伴侣的存在往往会影响与恐惧相关的反应。第一个实验调查了对压力的行为和生理反应是否取决于伴侣的情绪状态。AUBRAC小母牛在一个新的环境中被赠送食物。与没有受到电击的同伴在场的小母牛相比，那些在那里受到过电击的同伴的小母牛皮质醇反应有更强的增加(11.2+/-1.1vs.7.4+/-0.9 ng/mL)，表现出显著更长的摄食潜伏期(60.1vs.17.5+/-5.9 S)，并且喂食更慢(54.5+/-11.4vs.110+/-7.3vs.110+/-7.3 S)，在反复暴露于试验条件下后，当两个处理的小母牛在进入后快速喂奶时，测量了对来自喂食桶的意外气流的反应。与没有压力的同伴的小母牛相比，有压力的同伴在场的小母牛再次进食的潜伏期延长(44.5vs.22.8vs.22.8+/-4.3S)。有压力的同伴在测试过程中会小便；因此，第二个实验调查了小母牛对从有压力和无压力的同类动物收集的尿液是否有不同的反应。在第一个测试中，在一个新的环境中，小母牛被放在桶里的栅格上拿到食物。当桶里装的是来自应激的尿液而不是来自网格下面的非应激的同种尿液时，它们的进食潜伏期更长(128.1+/-9.6vs.108.2+/-4.9.S)。在第二个测试中，在熟悉的环境中向小母牛展示了一个新的物体。当小母牛被喷洒了应激尿液时，与非应激相似个体的尿液相比，小母牛在探索物体时表现出了离子潜伏期(215.2+/-45.0vs.25.8vs.25.8+/-8.6.S)。结果表明，小母牛感觉到同种母牛的压力增加，并因此变得更加恐惧。他们进一步表明，这种感觉至少在一定程度上是由尿液中的嗅觉线索调节的。(C)1998年爱思唯尔科学公司。
In gregarious species like cattle, the presence of partners often affects fear-related reactions. The first experiment investigated whether behavioral and physiological responses to stress depend on the emotional state of the partner. Aubrac heifers were presented with food in a novel environment. Compared to heifers in the presence of a companion that had been previously habituated to the environment without receiving shocks, those in the presence of a companion animal that had previously received electric shocks in that environment had a stronger increase of cortisol response (11.2 +/- 1.1 vs. 7.4 +/- 0.9 ng/mL), showed a significantly longer latency to feed (60.1 +/- 12.3 vs. 17.5 +/- 5.9 s), and fed more slowly (54.5 +/- 11.4 vs. 110 +/- 7.3 s), After repeated exposure to the test conditions, when heifers of both treatments fed rapidly after entrance, response to an unexpected air blast from the feeding bucket was measured. Heifers in the presence of a stressed companion showed an increased latency to feed again compared to those with a nonstressed companion (44.5 +/- 5.1 vs. 22.8 +/- 4.3 s). Stressed companions urinated during tests; therefore the second experiment investigated whether heifers respond differently to urine collected from stressed and nonstressed conspecifics. In a first test, heifers were presented with food on a grid in a bucket in a novel environment. They had a longer latency to feed when the bucket contained urine from stressed rather than from nonstressed conspecifics underneath the grid (128.1 +/- 9.6 vs. 108.2 +/- 4.9 s). In a second test, heifers were presented with a novel object in a familiar environment. Heifers showed a ion latency to explore the object when it had been sprayed with urine from stressed compared to urine from nonstressed conspecifics (215.2 +/- 45.0 vs. 25.8 +/- 8.6 s). The results show that heifers perceive the state of increased stress of conspecifics and become more fearful as a result. They further show that this perception is at least partly mediated by olfactory cues in the urine. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc.