Impacts of Topographic Relief and Crustal Heterogeneity on Coseismic Deformation and Inversions for Fault Geometry and Slip: A Case Study of the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in the Central Himalayan Arc

Impacts of Topographic Relief and Crustal Heterogeneity on Coseismic Deformation and Inversions for Fault Geometry and Slip: A Case Study of the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in the Central Himalayan Arc
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地形起伏和地壳非均质性对断层几何和滑移的同震变形和反演的影响:以2015年喜马拉雅中部弧廓廓尔喀地震为例

DOI:
10.1029/2020gc009413
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Geosystems
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Barnhart, William D.
Barnhart, William D.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Li, Shaoyang;Barnhart, William D.

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从地表位移测量反演的断层震源模型是一种常见的工具,以上下文的地震构造意义的地震。然而,这些模型通常调用地球的简化均匀弹性半空间(平坦地球)描述,这可能会在存在空间变化的地球弹性结构和地形的情况下,导致断层几何形状和滑动分布发生偏差。在这里,我们开发了平面断层的正演和反演三维有限元模型,以系统地评估地形,地壳弹性结构和断层几何形状对地表变形和震源反演的影响,重点是2015年尼泊尔Gorkha地震。我们的正演模型与固定的断层滑动确认地形和地壳的非均匀性对地表变形的影响。然而,这些影响,贡献最大只有10%的总地表位移,断层深度和倾角主要控制同震变形的廓尔喀的情况。当使用均质半空间模型来反演由正演有限元模型生成的合成位移场时,我们发现忽略地壳非均匀性主要会使推断的倾角产生偏差,而忽略地形主要会使推断的断层深度产生偏差。我们基于有限元模型的反演表明,地形和地壳异质性对恢复Gorkha视线观测值的偏差可以忽略不计。断层倾角和深度可以系统地与滑动面积和滑动幅度进行权衡,而不考虑地形和地壳非均匀性的存在。两者合计,我们的研究结果突出了断层几何形状的重要性,在喜马拉雅弧中部的大地测量观测倒断层运动学。
Fault source models inverted from surface displacement measurements are a common tool to contextualize the seismotectonic significance of earthquakes. However, these models commonly invoke a simplified homogeneous elastic half‐space (flat Earth) description of Earth, which may bias the resulting fault geometries and slip distributions in the presence of spatially varying Earth's elastic structure and topography. Here, we developed both forward and inverse three‐dimensional finite‐element models with planar faults to systematically assess the impacts of topography, crustal elastic structure, and fault geometry on surface deformation and earthquake source inversions, with a focus on the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake. Our forward models with fixed fault slip confirm the impacts of topography and crustal heterogeneity on surface deformation. These impacts, however, contribute only maximally ∼10% of the total surface displacement, and the fault depth and dip dominantly control the coseismic deformation for the Gorkha case. When using homogeneous half‐space models to invert the synthetic displacement fields generated by forward finite‐element models, we find that ignoring crustal heterogeneity primarily biases inferred dip angle, while ignoring relief primarily biases inferred fault depth. Our inversions based on finite‐element models suggest that topography and crustal heterogeneity introduce negligible bias on recovering the Gorkha line of sight observations. Fault dip angle and depth can systematically trade off with slip area and slip magnitude, regardless of the presence of relief and crustal heterogeneities. Taken together, our findings highlight the importance of fault geometry on inverted fault kinematics with geodetic observations in the central Himalayan arc.
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DOI: --
发表时间: 2016
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DOI: 10.1029/98gl01136
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影响因子: 5.2
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C. Williams;G. Wadge
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DOI: 10.1029/2018gc007645
发表时间: 2018-09
期刊: Geochemistry
影响因子: 3.7
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Shaoyang Li;J. Bedford;M. Moreno;W. Barnhart;M. Rosenau;O. Oncken
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发表时间: 2019-05-01
影响因子: 2.8
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发表时间: 2016-02-01
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