Lasius niger ants discriminate aphids based on their cuticular hydrocarbons
Lasius niger ants discriminate aphids based on their cuticular hydrocarbons
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.08.020
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Menzel, Florian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lang, Corsin;Menzel, Florian
有机体之间的互惠互动取决于每一个伙伴识别对方的能力。在蚂蚁与蚜虫的互惠共生中，蚂蚁必须认识到一个蚜虫群体是否值得照料。许多种类的蚜虫可以与蚂蚁共生(滋养生物)，而其他种类则从不照料，经常被蚂蚁捕食。由于蚜虫在没有蚂蚁的照料下通常会产生少量的蜜露，蚂蚁应该能够根据蜜露以外的信号识别潜在的滋养生物。相反，蚜虫应该发出信号，表明它们是否是潜在的滋养生物。我们调查了蚂蚁是否根据它们的行为、形态或化学特性来识别潜在的滋养叶蝉。我们研究了黑星天牛对4种桃蚜和4种非桃蚜的行为，并给出了活体个体、死亡的蚜虫和蚜角质碳氢化合物。Lasius niger总是攻击非没药嗜好的物种，但会触角嗜食没药的蚜虫。这种分化反应表现在对活的和死的蚜虫，但也可以被覆盖在表皮层碳氢化合物上的假人所引发。中立的控制对象被安装了天线，但蚂蚁很快就失去了兴趣。因此，黑斑潜蝇利用蚜虫的表皮层碳氢化合物来区分不同种类的蚜虫。蚜虫角质层碳氢化合物主要由正构烷烃组成，并含有少量的支链烷烃和正构烯烃。去势对应分析表明，可以根据表皮层碳氢化合物，特别是正构烷烃组成来区分嗜桃金娘和非桃金娘。因此，嗜虫性的蚜虫物种可能会使用共同的表皮层碳氢化合物信号，黑曲霉利用这种信号将蚜虫分为潜在的滋养物和潜在的猎物。(C)2011年，动物行为研究协会。爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Mutualistic interactions between organisms depend on the ability of each partner to recognize the other. In ant-aphid mutualisms, ants have to recognize whether an aphid colony is worth tending. Many aphid species can live in mutualistic associations with ants (trophobiosis), whereas others are never tended and are frequently preyed upon by ants. Since aphids often produce low amounts of honeydew when not tended by ants, the ants should be able to recognize potential trophobionts based on signals other than honeydew. Conversely, aphids should signal if they are potential trophobionts. We investigated whether ants recognize potential trophobiont aphids based on their behaviour, morphological or chemical properties. We studied the behaviour of Lasius niger ants towards four myrmecophilous and four nonmyrmecophilous aphid species, and presented live individuals, dead aphids and aphid cuticular hydrocarbons. Lasius niger invariably attacked nonmyrmecophilous species, but antennated myrmecophilous aphids. This differentiated reaction was shown towards living and dead aphids, but could also be elicited using dummies covered with aphid cuticular hydrocarbons. Neutral control objects were antennated, but the ants quickly lost interest. Thus, L. niger uses aphid cuticular hydrocarbons to discriminate between different aphid species. Aphid cuticular hydrocarbons consisted mainly of n-alkanes, with low amounts of branched alkanes and n-alkenes. A detrended correspondence analysis showed that myrmecophilous and nonmyrmecophilous species could be differentiated based on their cuticular hydrocarbons, in particular their n-alkane composition. Hence, myrmecophilous aphid species might use a common cuticular hydrocarbon signal, which L. niger uses to classify aphids into potential trophobionts and potential prey. (C) 2011 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.