Gold nanoparticles delivery in mammalian live cells: a critical review.
Gold nanoparticles delivery in mammalian live cells: a critical review.
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DOI：
10.3402/nano.v1i0.4889
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sée V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lévy R;Shaheen U;Cesbron Y;Sée V
近年来，功能纳米材料引起了生物界的浓厚兴趣，不仅作为潜在的药物载体或诊断工具，而且还作为光学纳米材料。该领域的出版物呈爆炸式增长，在过去两年中发表了2,000多篇论文(自2000年以来发表了4,000篇论文；来自三军情报局的知识网，《纳米颗粒和细胞》热播)。这一新颖的跨学科领域的出版热潮导致了不同标准的论文，部分原因是将化学、物理和生物学所需的专业知识整合到一个团队中是具有挑战性的。作为一个极端的例子，发表在物理化学期刊上的几篇论文声称纳米颗粒在细胞内传递，但展示了在专家生物学家看来明显死亡(因此是可渗透的)的细胞的照片。为了利用纳米材料实现适当的细胞应用，不仅要在健康细胞中实现有效的递送，而且要控制纳米材料在细胞内的可用性和命运。这仍然是一个开放的挑战，只有通过创新的输送方法，结合对纳米颗粒的摄取和命运的严格和定量表征，才能应对这一挑战。本文主要介绍了金纳米粒子，并讨论了纳米粒子传递的各种方法，包括表面化学修饰和几种用于促进细胞摄取和内体逃逸的方法。我们还将回顾主要的检测方法，以及它们的最佳使用如何告知细胞内的定位、传递的效率和表面覆盖的完整性。
Functional nanomaterials have recently attracted strong interest from the biology community, not only as potential drug delivery vehicles or diagnostic tools, but also as optical nanomaterials. This is illustrated by the explosion of publications in the field with more than 2,000 publications in the last 2 years (4,000 papers since 2000; from ISI Web of Knowledge, ‘nanoparticle and cell’ hit). Such a publication boom in this novel interdisciplinary field has resulted in papers of unequal standard, partly because it is challenging to assemble the required expertise in chemistry, physics, and biology in a single team. As an extreme example, several papers published in physical chemistry journals claim intracellular delivery of nanoparticles, but show pictures of cells that are, to the expert biologist, evidently dead (and therefore permeable). To attain proper cellular applications using nanomaterials, it is critical not only to achieve efficient delivery in healthy cells, but also to control the intracellular availability and the fate of the nanomaterial. This is still an open challenge that will only be met by innovative delivery methods combined with rigorous and quantitative characterization of the uptake and the fate of the nanoparticles. This review mainly focuses on gold nanoparticles and discusses the various approaches to nanoparticle delivery, including surface chemical modifications and several methods used to facilitate cellular uptake and endosomal escape. We will also review the main detection methods and how their optimum use can inform about intracellular localization, efficiency of delivery, and integrity of the surface capping.