The social classification of AIDS in American epidemiology.
The social classification of AIDS in American epidemiology.
复制标题
美国流行病学中艾滋病的社会分类。
作者：
S. Murray;K. W. Payne
西方“科学”医学将获得性免疫缺陷综合症（艾滋病）概念化为一种“同性恋疾病”，其对肛交传播理论的承诺受到谴责。据报道，生物医学不愿面对高科技疗法无法解决的慢性病问题。相反，西方的健康专家经常求助于病人“不服从”的生活方式或个性来解释。同性恋传播的假设指导了数据的收集和报告。书中讨论了在艾滋病出现之前，诸如“同性恋妥协综合症”等最初的污名化标签，以及将海地、中非和美国的异性恋者和静脉注射吸毒者纳入滥交男同性恋病因学的尝试。美国疾病控制与预防中心的分类系统不断强化了艾滋病作为“同性恋疾病”的认定。1982年，58%的艾滋病病例被归类为“同性恋”，而不是“吸毒者”，他们使用5种或更多不同的街头毒品；68%的人使用过安非他明，中位数为120次。1983年，海地“移民”从疾病控制中心的风险群体等级名单中被删除。尽管美国医学杂志强调双性恋和输血，但海地的艾滋病趋势与其说是男性同性恋疾病，不如说是女性疾病。1986年，被医学解释为艾滋病的性变态行为是卖淫，而没有注意到妓女的吸毒习惯甚至性习惯。风险应该适用于各种行为，如共用针头和被动肛交（不带避孕套），而不是适用于某些人。
Western "scientific" medicines conceptualization of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as a "gay disease" and its commitment to what is described as an anal sexual transmission theory is condemned. Biomedicine is reportedly unwilling to face problems of chronic illness which are not amenable to high-tech remedies. Instead Western health professionals frequently resort to explanation in terms of patient "noncompliance" lifestyle or personality. The presumption of homosexual transmission has guided data collection and reporting. The initial stigmatizing labels prior to AIDS such as "gay compromise syndrome" are discussed as well as the attempts to fit such cases as heterosexual Haitians central Africans and American intravenous drug users into the promiscuous male homosexuality etiology. The identification of AIDS as a "gay disease" has been continuously reinforced by the Center for Disease Controls classification system. In 1982 58% of AIDS cases classified as "gay" rather than as "drug user" used 5 or more different street drugs; 68% had used amphetamines with a median of 120 times. The removal of Haitian "immigrant" from the Center for Disease Controls hierarchical list of risk groups in 1983 is traced. Rather than a male homosexual disease the trend for AIDS in Haiti is as a female disease although bisexuality and transfusions were emphasized in US medical journals. In 1986 the sexual deviance being medicalized to account for AIDS was prostitution with no attention to prostitutes drug habits or even sexual habits. Risk should be applied to kinds of behaviors such as sharing needles and passive anal intercourse (without condoms) and not to kinds of persons.