Self-assembly concepts for multicompartment nanostructures
Self-assembly concepts for multicompartment nanostructures
复制标题
DOI：
10.1039/c5nr02448j
复制
发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Mueller, Axel H. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Groschel, Andre H.;Mueller, Axel H. E.
区室化在许多生物和人工系统中普遍存在，无论是用于单独存储不相容物质还是隔离运输过程。序列嵌段共聚物合成的进步提供了多种工具，可以用定制的软物质复制自然设计原理，从而在多个长度尺度上精确地空间分离功能。在这里，我们回顾了在（半）稀释条件下两亲性嵌段共聚物自组装成多室纳米结构（MCN）的最新趋势，特别强调了 ABC 三嵌段三元共聚物。连接嵌段的固有不混溶性会引起短程排斥，形成由第三个可溶嵌段或分子添加剂稳定的离散纳米域。聚合物嵌段可以从一系列功能单体合成，通过包装挫败或对各种领域的响应来指导自组装。溶液的流动性进一步允许通过巧妙选择环境条件将自组装过程操纵到特定方向。本综述重点关注直接自组装成可预测纳米结构的实用概念，同时缩小颗粒在尺寸、形状和内部形态方面的分散性。对底层自组装机制的不断了解扩大了实验概念的数量，提供了瞄准和操纵逐渐复杂的上层结构的方法。
Compartmentalization is ubiquitous to many biological and artificial systems, be it for the separate storage of incompatible matter or to isolate transport processes. Advancements in the synthesis of sequential block copolymers offer a variety of tools to replicate natural design principles with tailor-made soft matter for the precise spatial separation of functionalities on multiple length scales. Here, we review recent trends in the self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers to multicompartment nanostructures (MCNs) under (semi-)dilute conditions, with special emphasis on ABC triblock terpolymers. The intrinsic immiscibility of connected blocks induces short-range repulsion into discrete nano-domains stabilized by a third, soluble block or molecular additive. Polymer blocks can be synthesized from an arsenal of functional monomers directing self-assembly through packing frustration or response to various fields. The mobility in solution further allows the manipulation of self-assembly processes into specific directions by clever choice of environmental conditions. This review focuses on practical concepts that direct self-assembly into predictable nanostructures, while narrowing particle dispersity with respect to size, shape and internal morphology. The growing understanding of underlying self-assembly mechanisms expands the number of experimental concepts providing the means to target and manipulate progressively complex superstructures.