Impacts of Fish Farming on Eutrophication: Comparisons among Different Characteristics of Ecosystem
Impacts of Fish Farming on Eutrophication: Comparisons among Different Characteristics of Ecosystem
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养鱼对富营养化的影响：不同生态系统特征的比较
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Helminen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Honkanen;H. Helminen
芬兰西南部群岛海和整个波罗的海的富营养化在近几十年来一直在进行。为了确定富营养化的影响，不同的监测程序已经应用了几年。然而，不同监测方法的有用性和一般价值很少得到评价。这项工作的目的是研究不同方法的适用性监测环境影响的养鱼和其他沿海营养物质的流出物在群岛海，芬兰西南部。特别是我们研究了养鱼的营养负荷是否可能对海水中的总磷和氮浓度，叶绿素a浓度，Secchi深度，附着生物的生长和底栖动物群落有可检测的影响。我们分析了1983年和1997年之间收集的数据在Rymartyla（芬兰西南部），包括三个养鱼区。我们发现，距离渔场既不能解释海水中的总磷和氮浓度，也不能解释底栖动物群落的丰度和组成。然而，在最近的研究站的渔场中，维生素叶绿素a的浓度和附着生物的生长显着增加。因此，浮游叶绿素a浓度和附着生物的增长似乎是更好的指标比水化学和底栖动物群落的丰度和组成的富营养化的影响。此外，随着氮负荷的增加，群岛海的叶绿素a含量也增加。因此，叶绿素a浓度的分析是一种能够检测和分离海水中局部和大尺度变化的方法。
Eutrophication in the Archipelago Sea, SW Finland, as in the whole Baltic Sea has proceeded in recent decades. In order to identify impacts of eutrophication different monitoring programs have been applied for several years. However, the usefulness and general value of different monitoring methods has seldom been evaluated. The purpose of this work was to study the applicability of different methods for monitoring environmental impacts of fish farming and other coastal nutrient effluents in the Archipelago Sea, SW Finland. Especially we study whether the nutrient loading by fish farming may have detectable impact on the total concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen of sea water, the concentration of planktonic chlorophyll-a, Secchi depth, the growth of periphyton and the zoobenthic communities. We analyzed the data collected between 1983 and 1997 in Rymattyla (SW Finland) comprising three fish farming areas. We show that distance from the fish farm neither explains the total phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations of sea water nor the abundance and composition of the zoobenthic communities. However, the concentration of plank-tonic chlorophyll-a and the growth of periphyton significantly increased in the closest study stations of the fish farms. Hence, the planktonic chlorophyll-a concentrations and the growth of periphyton seem to be better indicators of impacts of eutrophication than water chemistry and the abundance and composition of zoobenthic communities. Furthermore, the planktonic chlorophyll-a increased with the total nitrogen loading to the Archipelago Sea. Hence, the analysis of the planktonic chlorophyll-a concentration is a method which enables to detect and separate local as well as large scale changes in the sea water.