Clarifying Observed Relationships Between Protective Behavioral Strategies and Alcohol Outcomes: The Importance of Response Options
Clarifying Observed Relationships Between Protective Behavioral Strategies and Alcohol Outcomes: The Importance of Response Options
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/adb0000024
复制
发表时间：
2015-06-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Carey, Kate B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Braitman, Abby L.;Henson, James M.;Carey, Kate B.
保护性行为策略（PBS），或减少伤害的行为，可以潜在地减少酒精消费或相关的问题，已经在整个文献中以不同的方式进行了评估。现有的尺度在焦点上有所不同（即，宽与窄），并且重要的是，在响应选项中（即，绝对频率vs.偶然频率）。绝对频率将PBS的使用与饮酒次数合并，导致PBS的使用与酒精结果之间的关系不一致，而偶然频率不太精确，这可能会降低功率。目前的研究建议使用绝对频率来最大限度地提高精度，并对饮酒天数进行调整，以将PBS的使用从饮酒场合中解脱出来，从而产生一个视情况而定的分数。研究1使用策略问卷（Sugarman & Carey，2007）检查PBS分量表与酒精结果之间的关联，发现在原始评分形式中，PBS与典型酒精结果之间的关联从显著正到显著负变化很大，但调整后的评分关系都与减少伤害的观点一致。此外，曲线关系与典型的酒精使用被淘汰使用的分数调整，导致线性关联。研究2证实了研究1的结果，有更精确的时间框架，额外的酒精评估和更重的大学饮酒者。酒精的结果和PBS之间的关系在原始评分形式再次变化，但成为一致的负面使用评分调整。研究PBS和相关结构的研究人员应该考虑修改当前的量表，以包括一个精确的频率响应量表，该量表可以根据饮酒次数进行调整。
Protective behavioral strategies (PBS), or harm-reduction behaviors that can potentially reduce alcohol consumption or associated problems, have been assessed in varied ways throughout the literature. Existing scales vary in focus (i.e., broad vs. narrow), and importantly, in response options (i.e., absolute frequency vs. contingent frequency). Absolute frequency conflates PBS use with number of drinking occasions, resulting in inconsistencies in the relationship between PBS use and alcohol outcomes, whereas contingent frequency is less precise, which could reduce power. The current study proposes the use of absolute frequencies to maximize precision, with an adjustment for number of drinking days to extricate PBS use from drinking occasions, resulting in a contingent score. Study 1 examined the associations between PBS subscales using the Strategy Questionnaire (Sugarman & Carey, 2007) and alcohol outcomes, finding that in raw score form the association between PBS and typical alcohol outcomes varied greatly from significantly positive to significantly negative, but adjusted score relationships were all consistent with harm reduction perspectives. In addition, curvilinear relationships with typical alcohol use were eliminated using the score adjustment, resulting in linear associations. Study 2 confirmed the findings from Study 1 with a more precise timeframe, additional alcohol assessments, and heavier college drinkers. The relationships between alcohol outcomes and PBS in raw score form were again varied, but became consistently negative using the score adjustment. Researchers examining PBS and related constructs should consider modifying current scales to include a precise frequency response scale that is adjusted to account for number of drinking occasions.