Bidirectional Interactions Between Acute Psychosocial Stress and Acute Intravenous Alcohol in Healthy Men
Bidirectional Interactions Between Acute Psychosocial Stress and Acute Intravenous Alcohol in Healthy Men
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01522.x
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
de Wit, Harriet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Childs, Emma;O'Connor, Sean;de Wit, Harriet
背景：急性应激增加饮酒量的生物学机制尚不清楚。一个潜在的机制是，压力通过改变酒精的药理学和主观效应而起作用。急性压力会产生一连串的生理和心理影响，每一种影响都有一个独特的时间过程。在这项研究中，我们调查了是否不同阶段的反应，以急性应激改变静脉注射酒精的主观效果，通过管理药物在2个不同的时间后stress.Methods：健康男性（n = 25）参加了2个会议：一组进行特里尔社会压力测试，另一组进行非压力控制任务，每一次之后静脉注射酒精（在5分钟内达到40 mg%）和安慰剂。一组参与者在完成任务后1分钟内接受酒精（Alc 0，n = 11），30分钟后接受安慰剂。在另一组（Alc 30，n = 14）中，酒精和安慰剂输注顺序颠倒。主观影响（即，焦虑，刺激，想要更多）和生理措施（心率，血压，唾液皮质醇）之前和任务和infusation.Results后的重复间隔进行测量：压力没有改变酒精在任何一组的主观效果。然而，当考虑到酒精反应的个体差异时，压力差异性地改变了酒精的兴奋剂和镇静作用。在无压力条件下对酒精表现出主要兴奋性反应的个体中，压力降低了酒精和“想要更多”的兴奋性效应。相比之下，在对照组中，那些没有报告酒精刺激的参与者，压力降低了镇静作用，增加了“想要更多”。此外，特里尔社会压力测试后立即给予酒精抑制皮质醇反应，但延长了对压力的负面主观反应。结论：这些发现表明，酒精和压力之间存在双向关系。酒精会影响对压力的反应，而压力会改变对酒精的反应，这取决于个人对酒精的反应模式。这项研究强调了这样一个事实，即压力-酒精相互作用在个体饮酒者中各不相同，这表明压力对饮酒动机的影响也可能在个体之间存在差异。
Background: The biological mechanisms by which acute stress increases alcohol consumption are unclear. One potential mechanism is that stress acts by altering the pharmacological and subjective effects of alcohol. Acute stress produces a cascade of physiological and psychological effects, each with a distinctive time course. In this study, we investigated whether different phases of response to an acute stress alter the subjective effects of intravenous alcohol, by administering the drug at 2 different times after the stress.Methods: Healthy men (n = 25) participated in 2 sessions: 1 with the Trier Social Stress Test and the other with a nonstressful control task, each followed by infusions of intravenous alcohol (targeting 40 mg% in 5 minutes) and placebo. One group of participants received alcohol within 1 minute of completing the tasks (Alc0, n = 11), followed by placebo 30 minutes later. In the other group (Alc30, n = 14), the order of alcohol and placebo infusions was reversed. Subjective effects (i.e., anxiety, stimulation, want more) and physiological measures (heart rate, blood pressure, salivary cortisol) were measured before and at repeated intervals after the tasks and infusions.Results: Stress did not change the subjective effects of alcohol in either group. However, when individual differences in alcohol responses were considered, stress differentially altered the stimulant-like and sedative effects of alcohol. Among individuals who exhibited predominantly stimulant responses to alcohol in the nonstressful condition, stress decreased the stimulant-like effects of alcohol and "wanting more." By contrast, among participants who did not report stimulation after alcohol in the control session, stress decreased the sedative effects and increased "want more." In addition, alcohol administered immediately after the Trier Social Stress Test dampened cortisol responses yet prolonged negative subjective responses to the stress.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that there are bidirectional relationships between alcohol and stress. Alcohol influences responses to stress, and stress changes reactions to alcohol, depending on an individual's pattern of response to alcohol. This study highlights the fact that stress-alcohol interactions vary among individual drinkers, suggesting that the effects of stress on motivation to drink alcohol may also differ between individuals.