Income and Population Dynamics in Deprived Neighbourhoods: Measuring the Poverty Turnover Rate Using Administrative Data
Income and Population Dynamics in Deprived Neighbourhoods: Measuring the Poverty Turnover Rate Using Administrative Data
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DOI：
10.1007/s12061-017-9242-6
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发表时间：
2019-06-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Fransham, Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fransham, Mark
许多关于邻里剥夺的研究证实，在剥夺的地理位置上，存在更多的连续性而不是变化。这种稳定的地理位置可能导致没有根据的推断，即这些地区靠低收入生活的家庭包括相对稳定的人口。本文开发了利用行政数据对小地区低收入家庭进行纵向观察的方法，尽管行政数据广泛用于对邻里剥夺的横断面测量，但小地区的低收入家庭仍不发达。引入了一种衡量当地贫困动态的经验指标-贫困周转率，并使用2010至2014年间牛津市的住房福利数据创建了小地区的贫困周转率。观察到贫困家庭的高周转率，贫困周转率能够识别出周转率高于或低于城市平均水平的小地区。这项研究发现的高流动率表明，在这个城市，主要是进出该地区和进出低收入家庭的人流保持了贫困家庭的集中，而不是稳定的贫困家庭人口。这一方法可用于更丰富地了解人口和收入动态，这些动态是贫困地理区域稳定和变化的基础，可用于再生政策和有关中产阶级化、健康不平等和邻里影响的学术研究。
Many studies of neighbourhood deprivation have confirmed that there is more continuity than change in the geography of deprivation. This stable geography can lead to an unwarranted inference that the households living on low incomes in these areas comprise a relatively static population. This paper develops the use of administrative data for the longitudinal observation of low income families in small areas, which is underdeveloped despite the widespread use of administrative data in the cross-sectional measurement of neighbourhood deprivation. An empirical measure of local poverty dynamics - the poverty turnover rate - is introduced, and created for small areas using housing benefit data for the city of Oxford between 2010 and 2014. A high turnover of poor families is observed and the poverty turnover rate is able to identify small areas with higher and lower turnover rates than the average for the city. The high turnover rates discovered in this study suggest that in this city it is primarily the flows of people in and out of the area, and in and out of low income, that maintains the concentration of poor families, rather than a static population of poor families. This approach can be used to provide a richer understanding of the population and income dynamics that underpin stability and change in the geography of poverty, of use to regeneration policy and the academic studies of gentrification, health inequalities and neighbourhood effects.