Experimental manipulation of attentional biases in heavy drinkers: do the effects generalise?
Experimental manipulation of attentional biases in heavy drinkers: do the effects generalise?
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-007-0760-9
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发表时间：
2007-07-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Gayton, Melanie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Field, Matt;Duka, Theodora;Gayton, Melanie
基本原理在重度饮酒者中，训练对酒精线索的注意力会增加对酒精的渴望，但目前尚不清楚“注意力训练”的效果是否能推广到新的刺激和测量程序。目的我们研究了注意力训练对新的酒精线索和其他测量认知偏差的方法的可能推广。材料和方法采用一种改进的视觉探测任务来训练参与者将他们的注意力引导到朝向（“参加酒精”组）或远离（“避免酒精”组）酒精线索;注意力偏差在对照组（总N= 60）中未被操纵。注意力训练后，我们测量了认知偏差（使用视觉探针，修改Stroop，闪烁引起的变化盲视和刺激-反应兼容性任务），酒精渴求和酒精consumption.Results注意偏向酒精线索增加“出席酒精”组，这种效果推广到新的刺激，但不适用于其他认知偏见任务。在“避免酒精”组中，注意力偏差减少了注意力训练过程中使用的刺激，但这些影响并没有推广到不同的刺激或认知偏差任务。在“参加酒精”组的参与者中，酒精渴望增加，但只有在注意力训练期间意识到实验偶然性的参与者中。酒精consumption.Conclusions注意力训练的影响有限的概括不同的酒精线索和测量认知偏差的方法。实验增加的注意力偏差似乎增加了主观渴望，但只有在那些意识到注意力训练过程中发生的实验偶然性的参与者中。
Rationale In heavy drinkers, training attention towards alcohol cues increases alcohol craving, but it is not clear if effects of 'attentional training' generalise to novel stimuli and measurement procedures.Objectives We investigated possible generalisation of attentional training to novel alcohol cues and other methods of measuring cognitive bias.Materials and methods A modified visual probe task was used to train participants to direct their attention either towards ('attend alcohol' group) or away from ('avoid alcohol' group) alcohol cues; attentional bias was not manipulated in a control group (total N= 60). After attentional training, we measured cognitive bias (using visual probe, modified Stroop, flicker- induced change blindness and stimulus - response compatibility tasks), alcohol craving and alcohol consumption.Results Attentional bias for alcohol cues increased in the 'attend alcohol' group, and this effect generalised to novel stimuli, but not to other cognitive bias tasks. In the 'avoid alcohol' group, attentional bias was reduced for the stimuli that were used during attentional training, but these effects did not generalise to different stimuli or cognitive bias tasks. Alcohol craving increased among participants in the 'attend alcohol' group, but only among participants who were aware of the experimental contingencies during attentional training. There were no group differences in alcohol consumption.Conclusions The effects of attentional training show limited generalisation to different alcohol cues and methods of measuring cognitive bias. Experimentally increased attentional bias seems to increase subjective craving, but only among participants who are aware of the experimental contingencies that were in place during attentional training.