Why Are Daphnia in Some Lakes Sicker? Disease Ecology, Habitat Structure, and the Plankton
Why Are Daphnia in Some Lakes Sicker? Disease Ecology, Habitat Structure, and the Plankton
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DOI：
10.1525/bio.2010.60.5.6
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
10.1
通讯作者：
Caceres, Carla E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hall, Spencer R.;Smyth, Robyn;Caceres, Carla E.
栖息地的某些方面似乎增强了疾病的传播，而其他方面则抑制了疾病的传播。在这里，我们用浮游生物疾病的案例研究说明并确定了栖息地与流行病学的联系机制。我们看到一个明显的关系之间的盆地形状的湖泊和真菌（Metschnikowia bicuspidata）疾病的浮游动物食草动物Daphnia dentifera。当我们通过七种机制来解释为什么一些湖泊中的水蚤病得更重时，我们可以排除一些假设（即，通过宿主密度、资源质量和传播率之间的联系以及宿主易感性的变化，与湖泊生产力指数有关的研究），并为涉及食物网行为者的其他研究提供支持（例如，鱼类对受感染宿主的选择性捕食，无脊椎动物的“草率捕食”，V形湖泊中可能的稀释效应）。此外，我们确定的物理机制（重力流，湍流），可能会导致更大的运输真菌孢子的栖息地所占据的水蚤主机在U形湖泊。这些结果突出了栖息地结构，通过其对食物网结构和物理过程的影响，可以塑造野生动物疾病。
Some aspects of habitat seem to enhance the spread of disease whereas others inhibit it. Here, we illustrate and identify mechanisms that connect habitat to epidemiology using a case study of disease in plankton. We see a pronounced relationship between the basin shapes of lakes and fungal (Metschnikowia bicuspidata) disease in the zooplankton grazer Daphnia dentifera. As we work through seven mechanisms that could explain why Daphnia in some lakes are sicker, we can eliminate some hypotheses (i.e., those relating on index of lake productivity to disease through host density, links between resource quality and transmission rate, and variation in host susceptibility) and find support for others involving food-web actors (e.g., selective predation on infected hosts by fishes, "sloppy predation" by an invertebrate, a possible dilution effect in V-shaped lakes). Furthermore, we identify physical mechanisms (gravity currents, turbulence) that could lead to greater transport of fungal spores to habitat occupied by Daphnia hosts in U-shaped lakes. These results highlight how habitat structure, through its effects on food-web structure and physical processes, can shape wildlife disease.