The nutrition and health transition in Thailand
The nutrition and health transition in Thailand
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DOI：
10.1079/phn2001292
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发表时间：
2002-02-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Kosulwat, V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kosulwat, V
目的：探讨和描述泰国的营养和健康转型与社会和经济变化、食物消费模式和营养问题的转变以及发病率和死亡率趋势的关系。设计：本报告通过汇编来自不同来源的各种报告和出版物中的信息，回顾泰国的营养和健康状况及其他相关问题。使用了泰国国家统计局的年度统计数据和报告，以及来自联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)的数据和泰国人口营养与健康状况的全国调查。结果：泰国在过去30年中经历了社会和经济转型，正在接近后人口过渡期。人口出生时预期寿命的增加以及总生育率和婴儿死亡率的下降证明了这一点。经济结构也从农业转向工业。工业部门在国内生产总值中的份额稳步上升，高于其他部门，这表明工业部门的增长已经超过了农业部门。与此同时，几项全国性调查的结果表明，人们的食物消费模式发生了很大变化；泰国的主食和配菜正在被含有更高比例脂肪和动物肉的饮食所取代。在农村和城市环境中，家庭自制食品和购买即食食品的支出比例发生变化，这是泰国人口食品消费变化的另一个反映。在过去20年里，儿童和青少年中超重和肥胖的流行率急剧上升，私立学校和城市社区的儿童比公立学校或农村地区的儿童更明显。在成年人中，1991年和1996年两次全国调查的结果表明，超重问题和心血管疾病的其他危险因素显著增加。在考虑泰国人口的总体死亡原因时，主要原因是与饮食有关的慢性退行性疾病。自20世纪80年代末以来，循环系统疾病已成为泰国第一大死因，癌症已成为第三大死因。结论：泰国食物摄入量和生活方式的快速变化明显影响了人口疾病负担的转移模式。应仔细监测这些变化，并必须通过适当的行为改变和促进适当的饮食习惯和体育活动来扭转这些变化。
Objective: To explore and describe the nutrition and health transition in Thailand in relation to social and economic changes, shifts in food consumption patterns and nutritional problems, as well as morbidity and mortality trends.Design: This report reviews the nutrition and health situation and other related issues by compiling information from various reports and publications from several sources. Yearly statistics and reports from the National Statistical Office were used as well as data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and national surveys on the nutrition and health situation of the Thai population.Results: Thailand has undergone social and economic transitions during the past three decades and is approaching the post-demographic transitional period. These are evidenced by an increase in life expectancy at birth of the population, and declines in the total fertility and infant mortality rates. The economic structure has also moved from agricultural to industrial. Industrial growth has surpassed that of the agricultural sector as indicated by a steady rise in the share of the industrial sector in the gross domestic product, which is greater than that of other sectors. At the same time, results from several nation-wide surveys indicate that the food consumption pattern of the population has changed considerably; Thai staples and side dishes are being replaced by diets containing a higher proportion of fats and animal meat. A shift in the proportion of expenditure on food prepared at home and that expended on purchased, ready-to-eat food, in both rural and urban settings, gives another reflection of the change in food consumption of the Thai population. The prevalence of over-weight and obesity among children and adolescents has increased dramatically during the past 20 years and is more pronounced in children from private schools and urban communities than in those from public schools or rural areas. Among adults, results from two national surveys in 1991 and 1996 indicated that the problem of overweight and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease have increased significantly. In considering the overall causes of death among the Thai population, the leading causes are diet-related chronic degenerative diseases. Diseases of the circulatory system have become the number one cause of death in Thailand and cancer has ranked as the number three cause of death since the late 1980s.Conclusions: The rapid changes in food intake and lifestyle patterns in Thailand clearly demonstrate a significant impact on the shifting pattern of disease burden of the population. These changes should be monitored carefully and must be reversed through appropriate behaviour modification and the promotion of appropriate eating practices and physical activities.