From urban meteorology, climate and environment research to integrated city services
From urban meteorology, climate and environment research to integrated city services
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DOI：
10.1016/j.uclim.2017.05.004
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发表时间：
2018-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Hovsepyan, A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baklanov, A.;Grimmond, C. S. B.;Hovsepyan, A.
城市人口特别是发展中国家城市人口的加速增长已成为人类发展的驱动力。拥挤的城市是创造力和经济进步的中心，但空气污染、洪水和其他气候影响意味着它们也面临着与天气、气候和环境相关的重大挑战。日益密集、复杂和相互依存的城市系统使城市变得脆弱：单一的极端事件通常会通过多米诺骨牌效应导致城市基础设施的广泛崩溃。世界气象组织 (WMO) 认识到快速城市化需要充分利用科学技术的新型服务，并将提供这些服务的挑战视为气象界的主要优先事项之一。这种综合城市天气、环境和气候服务应帮助城市应对风暴潮、洪水、热浪和空气污染等灾害，特别是在气候变化的情况下。其目标是通过结合密集的观测网络、高分辨率预报、多灾种早期预警系统和减少排放的气候服务，建立满足城市特殊需求的城市服务，从而建设有复原力、繁荣的可持续城市，促进可持续发展目标的实现。最近已经启动了一些国际研究来探讨这些问题。该文件简要概述了 WMO 及其合作者最近在城市水文气象、气候和空气污染方面的研究计划和活动；描述城市综合天气、气候和环境相关服务的新概念；并强调了实现这些目标的研究需求。皇冠版权所有 (c) 2017 由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。这是一篇 CC BY 许可下的开放获取文章
Accelerating growth of urban populations, especially in developing countries, has become a driving force of human development. Crowded cities are centres of creativity and economic progress, but polluted air, flooding and other climate impacts, means they also face major weather, climate and environment-related challenges. Increasingly dense, complex and interdependent urban systems leave cities vulnerable: a single extreme event can lead to a widespread breakdown of a city's infrastructure often through domino effects. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) recognizes that rapid urbanization necessitates new types of services which make the best use of science and technology and considers the challenge of delivering these as one of the main priorities for the meteorological community. Such Integrated Urban Weather, Environment and Climate Services should assist cities in facing hazards such as storm surges, flooding, heat waves, and air pollution episodes, especially in changing climates. The aim is to build urban services that meet the special needs of cities through a combination of dense observation networks, high-resolution forecasts, multi-hazard early warning systems, and climate services for reducing emissions, that will enable the building of resilient, thriving sustainable cities that promote the Sustainable Development Goals. A number of recent international studies have been initiated to explore these issues. The paper provides a brief overview of recent WMO and collaborators research programs and activities in urban hydrometeorology, climate and air pollution; describes the novel concept of urban integrated weather, climate and environment related services; and highlights research needs for their realisation. Crown Copyright (c) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license