Polycentric Systems of Governance: A Theoretical Model for the Commons
Polycentric Systems of Governance: A Theoretical Model for the Commons
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DOI：
10.1111/psj.12212
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Gruby, Rebecca L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carlisle, Keith;Gruby, Rebecca L.
多中心是公地学术中的一个基本概念，它意味着一种复杂的治理形式，具有多个半自治决策中心。如果决策中心之间存在竞争与合作关系，并有冲突解决机制，则可以认为是一个多中心治理系统。在自然资源治理方面，公地学者认为多中心治理体系具有若干优势，最显著的是增强了适应能力，为自然资源系统提供了良好的体制适应性，并减轻了因治理行为体和机构冗余而产生的风险。尽管这一概念很受欢迎，但在公地文献中缺乏多中心性的系统发展，包括其假定的优势。为了围绕这一概念建立更清晰和具体的概念，我们开发了一个多中心治理系统的理论模型，重点关注实现公地学者预测的功能所必需或有益的特征。这一模式由构成定义要素的属性和具体说明在公地实现功能的其他体制特征的有利条件组成。我们提出的模型使概念进一步向特异性迈进，而不牺牲上下文应用和进一步发展所需的一般性。
Polycentricity is a fundamental concept in commons scholarship that connotes a complex form of governance with multiple centers of semiautonomous decision making. If the decision-making centers take each other into account in competitive and cooperative relationships and have recourse to conflict resolution mechanisms, they may be regarded as a polycentric governance system. In the context of natural resource governance, commons scholars have ascribed a number of advantages to polycentric governance systems, most notably enhanced adaptive capacity, provision of good institutional fit for natural resource systems, and mitigation of risk on account of redundant governance actors and institutions. Despite the popularity of the concept, systematic development of polycentricity, including its posited advantages, is lacking in the commons literature. To build greater clarity and specificity around the concept, we develop a theoretical model of a polycentric governance system with a focus on the features necessary or conducive for achieving the functioning predicted by commons scholars. The model is comprised of attributes, which constitute the definitional elements, and enabling conditions, which specify additional institutional features for achieving functionality in the commons. The model we propose takes the concept a step further toward specificity without sacrificing the generality necessary for contextual application and further development.