gPET: a GPU-based, accurate and efficient Monte Carlo simulation tool for PET.

gPET: a GPU-based, accurate and efficient Monte Carlo simulation tool for PET.
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GPET:用于PET的基于GPU,准确有效的蒙特卡洛模拟工具。

DOI:
10.1088/1361-6560/ab5610
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发表时间:
2019-12-13
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
工程技术2区
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蒙特卡罗(MC)模拟方法在正电子发射断层扫描(PET)系统的完善和发展中发挥着至关重要的作用。然而,大多数现有的 MC 模拟软件包在实际 PET 模拟中都存在执行时间较长的问题。为了完全解决这个问题,我们开发并验证了 gPET,这是一种基于图形处理单元 (GPU) 的 PET MC 仿真工具。 gPET 构建于 NVidia CUDA 平台之上。模拟过程被模块化为三个功能部分,并由GPU并行线程执行:(1)源管理,包括正电子衰变、传输和湮灭; (2) 体模内部的伽马传输; (3)探测器内部的信号检测和处理。采用体素化(对于患者体模)和参数化(对于探测器)几何形状的混合来充分支持粒子导航。多个输入和输出可用。因此,用户可以灵活地检查 PET 模拟的不同方面。我们使用 GATE8.0 的基准工作在三个测试用例中评估了 gPET 的性能,包括功能模块的测试、探测器内部用于伽马传输的物理模型以及不规则形状 PET 探测器的几何配置。准确性和效率都被量化。在所有测试案例中,gPET 和 GATE 之间在能量和晶体指数分布方面的一致性差异分别低于 3.18% 和 2.54%。在所有测试用例中,单个 Titan Xp GPU (1.58 GHz) 上的 gPET 的加速系数比 Intel i7-6850K CPU (3.6 GHz) 单核上的 GATE8.0 的加速系数为 500。综上所述,gPET是一种准确、高效的PET MC模拟工具。
Monte Carlo (MC) simulation method plays an essential role in the refinement and development of positron emission tomography (PET) systems. However, most existing MC simulation packages suffer from long execution time for practical PET simulations. To fully address this issue, we developed and validated gPET, a graphics processing unit (GPU)-based MC simulation tool for PET. gPET was built on the NVidia CUDA platform. The simulation process was modularized into three functional parts and carried out by the GPU parallel threads: (1) source management, including positron decay, transport and annihilation; (2) gamma transport inside the phantom; and (3) signal detection and processing inside the detector. A hybrid of voxelized (for patient phantoms) and parametrized (for detectors) geometries were employed to sufficiently support particle navigations. Multiple inputs and outputs were available. Hence, a user can flexibly examine different aspects of a PET simulation. We evaluated the performance of gPET in three test cases with benchmark work from GATE8.0, in terms of the testing of the functional modules, the physics models used for gamma transport inside the detector, and the geometric configuration of an irregularly shaped PET detector. Both accuracy and efficiency were quantified. In all test cases, the differences between gPET and GATE for the coincidences with respect to the energy and crystal index distributions are below 3.18% and 2.54%, respectively. The speedup factor is 500 for gPET on a single Titan Xp GPU (1.58 GHz) over GATE8.0 on a single core of Intel i7-6850K CPU (3.6 GHz) for all test cases. In summary, gPET is an accurate and efficient MC simulation tool for PET.
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发表时间: 2011-11-21
影响因子: 3.5
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