Uncovering hidden coral diversity: a new cryptic lobophylliid scleractinian from the Indian Ocean
Uncovering hidden coral diversity: a new cryptic lobophylliid scleractinian from the Indian Ocean
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DOI：
10.1111/cla.12346
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发表时间：
2019-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Benzoni, Francesca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arrigoni, Roberto;Berumen, Michael L.;Benzoni, Francesca
现存的生物多样性很容易被低估，因为隐藏分类群的存在，即使在常见的物种中也是如此。由于硬核珊瑚的生态表型变异和形态可塑性，其鉴定具有挑战性。此外，分子分析揭示了隐种形成的发生。本文描述了一种与棘球藻和俄耳棘球藻在形态上相似的新潜叶藻属（Paraechinophyllia variabilis gen. nov., sp. nov.）。这个新的分类群出现在马约特岛、马达加斯加、亚丁湾和红海。对COI、12S、ATP6-NAD4、NAD3-NAD5、组蛋白H3和ITS等6个分子标记和46个形态学特征进行了宏观、微观和微观三个层次的检测。分子系统发育重建结果表明，在早中新世（约21.5 Ma），棘藻属（Paraechinophyllia gen11 .）与棘藻属（Oxypora）分离，是叶藻科中一个独特的类群。形态系统发育重建将副棘藻、棘藻和棘藻聚集在一个分支中。唯一的形态特征是萼状突起，将副棘藻与后两属区分开来，表明在很长一段时间内发生了有限的形态变异。这些结果突出了暗礁珊瑚中隐秘分类群的重要性，对种群遗传学、生态学研究和保护具有重要意义。
Extant biodiversity can easily be underestimated owing to the presence of cryptic taxa, even among commonly observed species. Scleractinian corals are challenging to identify because of their ecophenotypic variation and morphological plasticity. In addition, molecular analyses have revealed the occurrence of cryptic speciation. Here, we describe a new cryptic lobophylliid genus and species Paraechinophyllia variabilis gen. nov., sp. nov., which is morphologically similar to Echinophyllia aspera and E. orpheensis. The new taxon occurs in Mayotte Island, Madagascar, the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea. Six molecular markers (COI, 12S, ATP6-NAD4, NAD3-NAD5, histone H3 and ITS) and 46 morphological characters at three different levels (macromorphology, micromorphology and microstructure) were examined. The resulting molecular phylogenetic reconstruction showed that Paraechinophyllia gen. nov. represents a distinct group within the Lobophylliidae that diverged from the lineage leading to Echinophyllia and Oxypora in the Early Miocene, approximately 21.5 Ma. The morphological phylogenetic reconstruction clustered Paraechinophyllia gen. nov., Echinophyllia and Oxypora together in a single clade. A sole morphological character, calice relief, discriminated Paraechinophyllia gen. nov. from the latter two genera, suggesting that limited morphological variation has occurred over a long period. These results highlight the importance of cryptic taxa in reef corals, with implications for population genetics, ecological studies and conservation.