Disparities in robot adoption among U.S. manufacturers: a critical economic development challenge
Disparities in robot adoption among U.S. manufacturers: a critical economic development challenge
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DOI：
10.1080/13662716.2021.2007757
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发表时间：
2022-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
N. G. Leigh;Heonyeong Lee;Benjamin Kraft
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. G. Leigh;Heonyeong Lee;Benjamin Kraft
越来越多的人认识到工业机器人是制造业创新和竞争力的源泉，这促使人们呼吁建立支持性的产业生态和政策框架。然而，在企业层面上刺激机器人采用的因素知之甚少。基于对428家制造企业的调查结果，本研究考察了1)机器人在制造业中的传播现状，以及2)与机器人采用相关的企业和地区层面特征。我们的分析表明，虽然早期机器人的采用者主要是汽车行业的大型企业，但机器人现在正在渗透到中小型企业和其他行业。此外，在一个拥有大量现有机器人用户和与机器人相关的熟练劳动力的地区，企业对采用机器人的决定产生了积极影响。这些趋势表明了技术升级方面的累积优势（和劣势），以及鼓励更广泛采用机器人的政策的必要性。
ABSTRACT The growing recognition of industrial robots as a source of innovation and competitiveness for manufacturing is motivating calls for a supportive industrial ecology and policy framework. However, little is known about factors that stimulate robot adoption at the firm level. Based on survey results of 428 manufacturing establishments, this study examines 1) the current diffusion of robotics in manufacturing and 2) establishment- and region-level characteristics associated with robot adoption. Our analysis showsthat while earlier robot adopters were mainly large establishments in the automotive sector, robots are now penetrating small- and medium-sized establishments and other sectors. Furthermore, being in a a region with a large pool of existing robot users and robot-related skilled labour positively affects establishments’ decisions on robot adoption. These trends suggest cumulative advantage (and disadvantage) regarding technology upgrading and a need for policies that can encourage wider adoption of robots.