The linguistics of schizophrenia: thought disturbance as language pathology across positive symptoms
The linguistics of schizophrenia: thought disturbance as language pathology across positive symptoms
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00971
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发表时间：
2015-07-16
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Rossello, Joana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hinzen, Wolfram;Rossello, Joana
我们推测，语言（dis-organization）在精神分裂症的大脑中起着更核心的作用，这种疾病的发病机制比通常认为的。针对精神分裂症是一种思想或自我的紊乱的标准观点，我们认为，思想和自我的相关形式的起源至少部分取决于语言。认为它们不存在的观点被一种理论上的语言概念所支持，我们在这里将这种语言概念称为“笛卡尔”，并与最近的一种“非笛卡尔”模型进行对比。这一语言学模型从经验上论证了（i）人类特有的思想或意义与语法组织形式之间的一一对应关系，以及（ii）语言认知及其感觉运动维度的整合和相互依赖的观点。在这一模式下，由语法介导的意义的核心维度特别关注指称意义和命题意义的形式。这些症状的分类实际上是核心症状的定义。在这个模型中，精神分裂症的三个主要阳性症状表现为语言介导的意义形式的失败，表现为言语感知障碍（听觉言语幻觉），不受反馈控制的异常言语产生（形式思维障碍），或异常语言内容的产生（幻觉）。我们的假设使可测试的预测精神分裂症的语言概况的症状;它简化了精神分裂症的认知神经心理学，而不是不一致的神经认知缺陷的模式及其与症状的相关性;它预测了持续的结果，在精神分裂症的大脑语言相关的电路干扰。
We hypothesize that linguistic (dis-)organization in the schizophrenic brain plays a more central role in the pathogenesis of this disease than commonly supposed. Against the standard view, that schizophrenia is a disturbance of thought or selfhood, we argue that the origins of the relevant forms of thought and selfhood at least partially depend on language. The view that they do not is premised by a theoretical conception of language that we here identify as 'Cartesian' and contrast with a recent 'unCartesian' model. This linguistic model empirically argues for both (i) a one-to-one correlation between human-specific thought or meaning and forms of grammatical organization, and (ii) an integrative and co-dependent view of linguistic cognition and its sensory-motor dimensions. Core dimensions of meaning mediated by grammar on this model specifically concern forms of referential and propositional meaning. A breakdown of these is virtually definitional of core symptoms. Within this model the three main positive symptoms of schizophrenia fall into place as failures in language-mediated forms of meaning, manifest either as a disorder of speech perception (Auditory Verbal Hallucinations), abnormal speech production running without feedback control (Formal Thought Disorder), or production of abnormal linguistic content (Delusions). Our hypothesis makes testable predictions for the language profile of schizophrenia across symptoms; it simplifies the cognitive neuropsychology of schizophrenia while not being inconsistent with a pattern of neurocognitive deficits and their correlations with symptoms; and it predicts persistent findings on disturbances of language-related circuitry in the schizophrenic brain.