The Changing Urban Landscape of Chinese Cities: Positive and Negative Impacts of Urban Design Controls on Contemporary Urban Housing
The Changing Urban Landscape of Chinese Cities: Positive and Negative Impacts of Urban Design Controls on Contemporary Urban Housing
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DOI：
10.3390/su10082839
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发表时间：
2018-08
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
A. Cheshmehzangi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Cheshmehzangi
中国当代城市住房日益向大众化住房规模发展。近几十年来，它已经转变为大规模的城市设计方法，而不是单独的建筑设计。这种情况在中国主要城市普遍存在，在一些乡镇地区也正在出现这种情况。城市住房大规模生产的增长首先始于1949年中华人民共和国成立后的初期，并从20世纪70年代起大幅增加。与欧洲战后20世纪50年代和1960年代住房发展的情况类似，中国经历了快速转型和对新建城市住房的巨大需求。 20世纪80年代和90年代的二十年被称为中国快速增长和城市化的非凡时代，这不仅对中国而且对全球来说都是前所未有的。本文首先分析了常见的住房类型及其挑战和问题，以及中国主要城市住房项目城市设计的常见做法，重点关注城市设计控制及其对中国住房转型的影响。本文在得出详细设计的重要性以及修订和重新评估城市设计控制的新可能性之前主张替代路线。本文针对城市设计控制对中国当代城市住房的积极和消极影响提供了一系列分析观点。它还补充了现有的专注于中国城市住房转型并与城市规划和城市设计部门直接相关的研究。本研究总结了新方向的可能性，重点是：中低层城市住房类型的发展、紧凑的城市发展以及避免封闭式社区发展。
China’s contemporary urban housing is increasingly developed at mass housing scale. In recent decades, it has transformed into large scale urban design approach rather than individual architectural design. This is generally common across major Chinese cities and is also becoming the case in some township regions. The increase in mass urban housing production firstly initiated in early years after establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 and was then increased significantly from the 1970s onwards. Similar to the case of post-war European housing development in the 1950s and 1960s, China experienced a rapid transition and huge demand for new urban housing. The two decades of 1980s and 1990s are known as China’s remarkable era for rapid growth and urbanisation, which was unprecedented not only for China but also globally. In this paper, the focus is on urban design controls and their impacts on housing transitions in China by first analysing common housing typologies as well as their challenges and issues and common practices of urban design for housing projects across major cities of China. This paper argues in favour of alternative routes before concluding on the importance of detailed design and new possibilities for revised and re-evaluated urban design controls. This paper offers a set of analytical views on positive and negative impacts of urban design controls on contemporary urban housing in China. It also adds to existing research focused on urban housing transitions in China and directly linked to sectors of urban planning and urban design. This study concludes with possibilities for new directions, focused on: development of low- to midrise urban housing typology, compact urban development, and avoidance of gated community development.