Interaction of Nutrition and Infections Globally: An Overview
Interaction of Nutrition and Infections Globally: An Overview
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DOI：
10.1159/000345162
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Krawinkel, M. B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Krawinkel, M. B.
营养与感染之间的相互作用已被几代医生的经验所熟知。在抗生素时代之前，饮食是感染管理不可或缺的一部分。现在，随着对免疫反应的理解已经大大扩展，有必要重新审视这种相互作用。相对较少的研究探讨了营养干预措施对传染病管理的影响。大多数对营养与感染之间相互作用的观察都具有流行病学特征。对于麻疹和结核病尤其如此。在艾滋病中，营养状况恶化是疾病进展的一个指标。营养不良儿童的感染是常见的死亡原因，考虑到这一发现有助于降低严重营养不良患者的病死率。关于免疫反应，细胞和可溶性成分会受到单一营养素缺乏或普遍营养不良的影响。营养不良的免疫抑制作用在子宫内就已经开始了：母体营养状况已被证明会影响成年动物的免疫功能。最近的研究表明，不仅营养不足，而且热量营养过剩也会影响对感染和免疫的免疫反应。这部分是由于脂肪组织的慢性炎症活动，部分是由于神经内分泌的改变。传染病也会具体或通过非特异性机制影响营养状况，例如厌食、呼吸急促和呕吐。版权所有 (C) 2013 S. Karger AG，巴塞尔
The interaction of nutrition and infections is known by experience by generations of medical doctors. Before the era of antibiotics, diet was an integral part of the management of infections. Now, it is necessary to take a fresh look at this interaction as the understanding of immune response has expanded considerably. Comparatively little research has addressed the impact of nutrition interventions on the management of infectious diseases. Most observations of the interaction between nutrition and infections are epidemiological in character. This holds especially true for measles as well as for tuberculosis. In AIDS, the deterioration of the nutritional status is an indicator of disease progression. Infections in undernourished children are a common cause of death, and taking this finding into account helps to reduce the case fatality rate in severely malnourished patients. Regarding the immune response, cellular as well as soluble components are affected by deficiencies of single nutrients or general undernutrition. The immunosuppressive effect of undernutrition starts during intrauterine life already: maternal nutrition status has been shown to impact on immune function in adult animals. Recent research suggests that not only undernutrition but also caloric overnutrition impacts on immune response to infections and immunization. This is partly due to the chronic inflammatory activity of the adipose tissue and partly due to neuroendocrine alterations. Infectious diseases also impact on the nutritional status, either specifically or through unspecific mechanisms, such as anorexia, tachypnea, and vomiting. Copyright (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel