Human and animal dietary exposure to T-2 and HT-2 toxin
Human and animal dietary exposure to T-2 and HT-2 toxin
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DOI：
10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4972
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Steinkellner, Hans
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Arcella, Davide;Gergelova, Petra;Steinkellner, Hans
T-2毒素（T2）和HT-2（HT 2）毒素是镰刀菌毒素，其形成镰刀菌真菌毒素组的一部分。用于估计人类饮食和动物接触的食物和饲料样本报告为T2和/或HT 2的单个结果和/或两者之和。据报告，燕麦和含燕麦的商品中的浓度最高。在少数关于特定植物和草药膳食补充剂的数据中报告了非常高的水平。在人类中，幼儿和婴儿的T2和HT 2总和的平均慢性膳食暴露量最高，最大上限估计值分别为每天64.8和62.9纳克/千克体重。婴儿的第95百分位膳食暴露量最高，最大UB估计值为146纳克/千克体重/天。UB估计平均比下限（LB）估计高四倍。平均急性接触范围从老年人估计的最低13.4纳克/千克体重/天到幼儿估计的最高64.7纳克/千克体重/天。婴儿年龄组的饮食调查估计了最高的第95百分位急性饮食接触（170纳克/千克体重/天）。总的来说，在加工食品中，主要的贡献者是谷物片、精细烘焙食品，对于急性接触，还有面包和面包卷。在老年人和高龄老人中，膳食补充剂做出了重要贡献。农场动物和伴侣动物中T2和HT 2总和的暴露量因动物物种而异。考虑到平均浓度情景，肉牛和奶山羊的暴露量分别为0.03-0.08（LB-UB）g/kg bw/d和1.13- 1.47 g/kg bw/d。对于高浓度情景，同一物种的接触量在每天0.12- 0.16克/千克体重和每天2.37- 2.58克/千克体重之间。在缺乏数据的情况下，未纳入潜在的改良形式。
T-2 toxin (T2) and HT-2 (HT2) toxin are trichothecenes, which form part of the group of Fusarium mycotoxins. Food and feed samples used to estimate human dietary and animal exposure were reported either as the individual results for T2 and/or, HT2, and/or as the sum of the two. The highest concentrations were reported in oats and oat-containing commodities. Very high levels were reported in a small number of data on specific plant- and herb-based dietary supplements. In humans, the mean chronic dietary exposure to the sum of T2 and HT2 was highest in Toddlers' and Infants', with maximum upper bound (UB) estimates of 64.8 and 62.9ng/kg body weight (bw) per day, respectively. The 95th percentile dietary exposure was highest in Infants' with a maximum UB estimate of 146ng/kg bw per day. UB estimations were on average fourfold higher than lower bound (LB) estimations. Average acute exposure ranged from a minimum of 13.4ng/kg bw per day, estimated in Elderly', up to a maximum of 64.7ng/kg bw per day estimated in Toddlers'. The highest 95th percentile acute dietary exposure was estimated for a dietary survey within the age class Infants' (170ng/kg bw per day). Overall, among processed foods the main contributors were cereal flakes, fine bakery wares and, for acute exposure, also bread and rolls. In the elderly and very elderly, dietary supplements made an important contribution. Exposure to the sum of T2 and HT2 in farm and companion animals varied according to the animal species. Exposures considering mean concentration scenarios varied between 0.03-0.08 (LB-UB) g/kg bw per day in beef cattle and 1.13-1.47g/kg bw per day in milking goats. For high concentration scenarios, exposures varied between 0.12-0.16g/kg bw per day and 2.37-2.58g/kg bw per day in the same species. In the absence of data, potential modified form were not included.