Population and movement characteristics of radio-collared striped skunks in North Dakota during an epizootic of rabies
Population and movement characteristics of radio-collared striped skunks in North Dakota during an epizootic of rabies
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DOI：
10.7589/0090-3558-33.2.226
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发表时间：
1997-04-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Schamber, GJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greenwood, RJ;Newton, WE;Schamber, GJ
1991年和1992年3 ~ 7月在美国北达科他州的Stutsman县对102只条纹臭鼬进行了补食实验。1991年和1992年分别有23只和56只看起来健康的臭鼬被装备了无线电项圈。1991年，23人中有一人被检测出患有狂犬病。1992年，56人中有50人接受了测试; 35人（70%）患有狂犬病。在估计年龄的臭鼬中，1991年29只中有19只（66%）是一岁动物，而1992年41只中有9只（22%）是一岁动物。1991年捕获的所有18只雌性都怀孕或分娩，而1992年35只中有21只（60%）。1991年4月至6月期间臭鼬的估计存活率为0.85，但1992年4月至7月期间只有0.17。1992年，一岁臭鼬的存活率为0.08，而年长动物的存活率为0.35。在36只因狂犬病死亡或处于临床晚期的臭鼬中，有11只（31%）位于地下。1992年，我们发现，在4月至6月的半个月期间，健康臭鼬和患狂犬病臭鼬的估计平均（+/- SE）旅行速度（232 +/- 14 m/hr）、旅行距离（2，047 +/- 141 m/夜）或家域大小（1.6 +/- 0.4 km（2））没有差异。在患狂犬病的臭鼬中，平均移动速度从狂犬病临床期（临床前）前14天的298 +/- 48 m/hr下降到狂犬病临床期（死亡前14天）的174 +/- 48 m/hr。夜间移动距离也出现类似减少（2，318 +/- 281 m，临床前; 1，497 +/- 281 m，临床）。雄性的平均家域大小（2.8 +/- 0.4）大于女性（1.2 +/- 0.4）在临床前阶段：但在临床期，（1.8 +/- 0.4）和女性（1.8 +/- 0.4）相似，雌性动物的平均家域大小在临床前（1.2 +/- 0.4）和临床（1.8 +/- 0.4）期间没有差异（P = 0.22）。1992年死于狂犬病的臭鼬在空间上的聚集性比预期的要大，这主要是由于5月8日之前发现的死亡。我们没有发现狂犬病死亡动物的位置和死亡日期之间的相关性。
We observed a total of 102 striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) from March to July of both 1991 and 1992 in Stutsman County, North Dakota (USA) during an experiment wit food supplementation. Twenty-three apparently healthy skunks in 1991 and 56 in 1992 were equipped with radio-collars. In 1991, one of the 23 was tested and found to be rabid. In 1992, 50 of 56 were tested; 35 (70%) were rabid. Of skunks with ages estimated, 19 (66%) of 29 were first year animals in 1991 compared with nine (22%) of 41 first year animals in 1992. All 18 females captured in 1991 were pregnant or parous compared with 21 (60%) of 35 in 1992. The estimated survival rate of skunks was 0.85 during April to June 1991, but only 0.17 during April to July 1992. In 1992, the survival rate of first year skunks was 0.08, compared with 0.35 for older animals. Eleven (31%) of 36 skunks found dead of rabies or in late clinical stage were located below ground. We detected no differences in 1992 between healthy and rabid skunks in estimated mean (+/- SE) rate of travel (232 +/- 14 m/hr), distance traveled (2,047 +/- 141 m/night), or home range size (1.6 +/- 0.4 km(2)) during half-month periods from April through June. Among rabid skunks, mean rate of travel tended to decrease from 298 +/- 48 m/hr during the 14 days preceding the clinical period of rabies (pre-clinical) to 174 +/- 48 m/hr during the clinical period of rabies (14 days immediately before death). Similar decrease occurred in distance traveled in a night (2,318 +/- 281 m, pre-clinical; 1,497 +/- 281 m, clinical). Mean home range size of males (2.8 +/- 0.4) was greater than of females (1.2 +/- 0.4) during the pre-clinical period: but during the clinical period home range sizes of males (1.8 +/- 0.4) and females (1.8 +/- 0.4) were similar Mean home range size of females did not differ between pre-clinical (1.2 +/- 0.4) and clinical (1.8 +/- 0.4) periods (P = 0.22). Deaths of skunks from rabies in 1992 tended to be more spatially clumped than expected had they been random, mostly due to deaths detected before 8 May. We detected no correlation between locations of animals found dead of rabies and dates of death.