Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History
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牛津研究非洲历史百科全书
DOI：
10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.302
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cabrita J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cabrita J
基督徒在非洲的存在有着悠久而多样的历史。非洲教会代表了世界上最早的教会，在北非和今天的埃塞俄比亚都有活跃的科普特和东正教社区。但基督教的大规模扩张真正开始于19世纪传教运动的传教努力。最初，成功获得皈依者是有限的，这一事实并没有因为传教士与西方殖民势力的关系而有所帮助。但是，通过翻译和调解的一个专门阶层的非洲福音，改宗，和传教士，基督教迅速成为非洲大陆最流行的信仰之一。19世纪末和20世纪初的独立教会运动体现了整个非洲大陆的基督徒决心使信仰成为当地宗教：摆脱白色传教士的控制，成千上万的非洲人成立了自己的独立教会，尝试新教圣洁神学的新模式。跨国联系一直是非洲基督教发展的关键，与北美非裔美国人教会的联系维持了许多这些独立教会。最近，国际网络也影响了自20世纪70年代以来席卷欧洲大陆的大规模魅力复兴。受到来自北美和欧洲的巡回福音传道者的启发，非洲人成立了新的教会，强调“繁荣福音”、从巫术中解脱以及“现代性”与基督教的等同。许多这些不同的发展背后一直是一个持续的辩论基督教的本质非洲素质：学者们继续与理解的程度和性质的土著与外来因素，使基督教和伊斯兰教在非洲大陆上最广泛的宗教之一。
Christian presence in Africa has a long and varied history. African congregations represented some of the world’s earliest churches, with lively Coptic and Orthodox communities in both North Africa and present-day Ethiopia. But wide-scale Christian expansion truly began during the proselytization efforts of the 19th-century missionary movement. Success in gaining converts was initially limited, a fact not aided by the perceived ties of missionaries to Western colonial powers. But through the translation and intermediation of a dedicated strata of African evangelists, proselytizers, and preachers, Christianity rapidly became one of the continent’s most popular faiths. The independent church movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries exemplified the determination of Christians across the continent to make the faith a local religion: throwing off white missionary control, thousands of Africans formed their own independent churches that experimented with new modes of Protestant Holiness theology. Transnational links have always been key to the development of Christianity in Africa, with connections to North American African American churches sustaining many of these independent churches. More recently, international networks have also influenced the large charismatic revivals that swept the continent from the 1970s onward. Inspired by itinerant evangelists from both North America and Europe, Africans have formed new churches that stress the “Prosperity Gospel,” deliverance from witchcraft, and the equation of “modernity” with Christianity. Underlying many of these diverse developments has been an ongoing debate regarding the intrinsically African qualities of Christianity: scholars continue to wrestle with understanding the extent and nature of indigenous versus exogenous elements that go into making Christianity—along with Islam—one of the most widely practiced religions on the African continent.