Socioeconomic modifiers of genetic and environmental influences on body mass index in adult twins.
Socioeconomic modifiers of genetic and environmental influences on body mass index in adult twins.
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DOI：
10.1037/hea0000255
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发表时间：
2016-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Turkheimer E
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文献类型：
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作者：
Dinescu D;Horn EE;Duncan G;Turkheimer E
社会经济地位（SES）的个体测量抑制体重指数（BMI）的遗传变异。我们的目的是检查个人水平（即受教育程度、家庭收入）和宏观水平（即社区社会经济优势）SES指标对遗传对BMI的影响。该研究使用了4162对同卵（MZ）和1900对异卵（DZ）同性双胞胎（64%为女性）的教育水平数据；3498对MZ和1534对DZ（65%为女性）的收入水平数据；以及来自2327对MZ和948对DZ（65%为女性）的社区一级社会经济剥夺数据。协变量包括年龄（M = 40.4±17.5岁）、性别和种族。双胎对照模型用于评估社会经济地位影响BMI的机制（例如，通过遗传途径与环境途径），基因-环境相互作用模型用于检验在控制社会经济地位的主要影响后，BMI的剩余方差是否被社会经济措施所缓和。SES显著预测BMI。然而，这种联系不是因果关系，而是主要由共同的潜在遗传背景驱动的，随着社会地位的增加，这种遗传背景的影响力往往会减弱。在控制了社会地位的主效应后，遗传变异和非共享环境变异均随社会地位的增加而减小。个体和宏观层面的SES对BMI的影响超出了其主要作用。基因对BMI的影响通过个体和宏观层面的SES测量来调节，因此当SES较高时，遗传因素的影响就会减弱。
Individual measures of socioeconomic status (SES) suppress genetic variance in Body Mass Index (BMI). Our objective was to examine the influence of both individual-level (i.e., educational attainment, household income) and macro-level (i.e., neighborhood socioeconomic advantage) SES indicators on genetic contributions to BMI. The study used education level data from 4,162 monozygotic (MZ) and 1,900 dizygotic (DZ) same-sex twin pairs (64% female); income level data from 3,498 MZ and 1,534 DZ (65% female) pairs; and neighborhood-level socioeconomic deprivation data from 2,327 MZ and 948 DZ pairs (65% female). Covariates included age (M = 40.4 ± 17.5 years), sex, and ethnicity. The co-twin control model was used to evaluate the mechanisms through which SES influences BMI (e.g., through genetic vs. environmental pathways), and a gene-by-environment interaction model was used to test whether residual variance in BMI, after controlling for the main effects of SES, was moderated by socioeconomic measures. SES significantly predicted BMI. The association was non-causal, however, and instead was driven primarily through a common underlying genetic background that tended to grow less influential as SES increased. After controlling for the main effect of SES, both genetic and non-shared environmental variance decreased with increasing SES. The impact of individual and macro-level SES on BMI extends beyond its main effects. The influence of genes on BMI is moderated by individual and macro-level measures of SES, such that when SES is higher, genetic factors become less influential.