Long-term habituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia requires gene transcription, calcineurin and L-type voltage-gated calcium channels
Long-term habituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia requires gene transcription, calcineurin and L-type voltage-gated calcium channels
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DOI：
10.3389/fnbeh.2010.00181
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Glanzman, David L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Esdin, Joseph;Pearce, Kaycey;Glanzman, David L.
尽管习惯化可能是最简单的学习形式，但我们仍然不能完全理解任何生物体习惯化的神经生物学基础。为了促进对习惯化的全面理解，我们研究了海螺Aplysia calfornica的缩鳃反射(GWR)的长期习惯化(LTH)。以前，我们证明了在减少的准备中，GWR的习惯化持续长达12小时，并且依赖于蛋白质的合成，以及蛋白磷酸酶1和2A以及突触后谷氨酸受体的激活。在此，我们使用还原制剂来进一步分析海兔LTH的作用机制。我们发现GWR的LTH依赖于RNA的合成，因为它被不可逆的转录抑制剂放线菌素-D和可逆的转录抑制剂5，6-二氯苯并咪唑核苷(DRB)所阻断。此外，LTH需要蛋白磷酸酶2B(钙调神经磷酸酶)的激活，因为它被子囊霉素破坏。最后，尼群地平阻断LTH，这表明这种学习形式需要激活L类型的电压门控钙通道。结合我们以前的结果，目前的结果表明，尽管对于短期习惯化来说可能足够，但对于LTH来说，独有的突触前机制是不够的。相反，LTH必须涉及突触后和突触前的机制。
Although habituation is possibly the simplest form of learning, we still do not fully understand the neurobiological basis of habituation in any organism. To advance the goal of a comprehensive understanding of habituation, we have studied long-term habituation (LTH) of the gill-withdrawal reflex (GWR) in the marine snail Aplysia californica. Previously, we showed that habituation of the GWR in a reduced preparation lasts for up to 12 h, and depends on protein synthesis, as well as activation of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A and postsynaptic glutamate receptors. Here, we have used the reduced preparation to further analyze the mechanisms of LTH in Aplysia. We found that LTH of the GWR depends on RNA synthesis because it was blocked by both the irreversible transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin-D and the reversible transcriptional inhibitor, 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole riboside (DRB). In addition, LTH requires activation of protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin), because it was disrupted by ascomycin. Finally, LTH was blocked by nitrendipine, which indicates that activation of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels is required for this form of learning. Together with our previous results, the present results indicate that exclusively presynaptic mechanisms, although possibly sufficient for short-term habituation, are insufficient for LTH. Rather, LTH must involve postsynaptic, as well as presynaptic, mechanisms.