The Association of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Inflammatory Markers in Hospitalized Children
The Association of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Inflammatory Markers in Hospitalized Children
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph16234625
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Matt, Georg E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mahabee-Gittens, E. Melinda;Merianos, Ashley L.;Matt, Georg E.
背景：环境烟草烟雾（ETS）暴露与儿童细胞因子水平的改变有关。我们试图研究ETS暴露的患病率和ETS暴露和细胞因子水平之间的关系，在一个样本的住院儿童。(2)研究方法：在住院的非吸烟儿童（N = 112）的唾液中测量炎症标志物（IL-8，IL-1 β，IL-10和TNF-α）和可替宁。为了评估ETS暴露与免疫系统反应之间的关联，我们建立了一个多变量回归模型，包括四种炎症标志物作为反应变量，可替宁、年龄、性别和出院诊断作为解释变量，同时评估可能的相互作用效应。(3)结果：平均年龄（SD）为5.8（5.0）岁;几何平均（GeoM）可替宁= 1.8 [95% CI = 1.4-2.2]。非炎症性其他诊断的儿童比炎症性其他诊断的儿童具有较低的IL-10（p = 0.003）和TNF-α（p = 0.009）水平。患有哮喘（p = 0.01）和细菌性疾病和/或肺炎（p = 0.002）的儿童IL-8水平较高。独立于诊断，可替宁和IL-1 β之间存在显著的曲线相关性（p = 0.002），反映可替宁水平5 ng/mL时无相关性。(4)结论：ETS暴露水平较高的儿童IL-1 β水平较高，与年龄、性别和诊断无关。ETS暴露可能会增加儿童的促炎免疫反应，并可能干扰天然免疫反应以及愈合和对抗感染的能力。
Background: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is associated with altered cytokine levels in children. We sought to examine ETS exposure prevalence and the relationship between ETS exposure and cytokine levels in a sample of hospitalized children. (2) Methods: Inflammatory markers (IL-8, IL-1 beta, IL-10, and TNF-alpha) and cotinine were measured in saliva of hospitalized, nonsmoking children (N = 112). To assess the association between ETS exposure and immune system response, we built a multivariate regression model including the four inflammatory markers as the response variables and cotinine, age, sex, and discharge diagnosis as explanatory variables while assessing possible interaction effects. (3) Results: Mean age (SD) was 5.8(5.0) years; Geometric Mean (GeoM) cotinine = 1.8 [95% CI = 1.4-2.2]. Children with non-inflammatory other diagnoses had lower IL-10 (p = 0.003) and TNF-alpha (p = 0.009) levels than children with inflammatory other diagnoses. Children with asthma (p = 0.01) and bacterial illnesses and/or pneumonia (p = 0.002) had higher IL-8 levels. Independent of diagnosis, there was a significant curvilinear association between cotinine and IL-1 beta (p = 0.002) reflecting no association for cotinine levels 5 ng/mL. (4) Conclusions: Children with higher ETS exposure levels have higher IL-1 beta levels regardless of age, sex, and diagnosis. ETS exposure may increase pro-inflammatory immune responses in children and may interfere with native immune responses and the ability to heal and fight infection.