New molecular and morphological insights prompt transfer of Blechum to Ruellia (Acanthaceae)
New molecular and morphological insights prompt transfer of Blechum to Ruellia (Acanthaceae)
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新的分子和形态学见解促使 Blechum 转移到 Ruellia（爵床科）
作者：
E. Tripp;T. Daniel;J. Lendemer;L. McDade
Blechum P. Browne（菊科）属最为人所知的是广泛分布的热带杂草，以前被称为Blechum acummidatum（Lam.）Urb.（最近重新建立为Ruellia blechum L.）。根据宏观形态学和分子生物学的研究结果，已有部分Blechum属的种被归为Ruellia属，但对Blechum属的分类群缺乏全面的研究。我们重新研究了形态特征，已被用来区分Blechum Ruellia，包括花序结构和花粉和胶囊形态。第二，我们进行了系统发育分析，包括9个加入5的6种传统上治疗Blechum（我们在这里认为有效的物种）加上一个天气样本的Ruellia种的基础上的第一作者的工作。结果表明，Blechum是嵌套在Ruellia强有力的支持。一个替代的系统发育假说的单系Ruellia独家的传统处理的物种在Blechum被拒绝的可能性，但不是一个简约的标准。基于形态相似性，共同染色体数目，和分子数据，我们转移Blechum属Ruellia。第三，我们研究了尽可能多的相关历史收藏的标本和标本的图像。本研究在命名和分类学上进行了更新，包括几个新的分类学同义词（Blechum kilnyi，Blechum linnaei，Blechum trinitense），两个新的组合（Ruellia haughtii和Ruellia panamensis），一个新的选型（Blechum brownei α subcordatum f. albiflorum），以及对未来典型化的其他建议。根据我们的形态学和分子生物学研究，六种Ruellia被视为构成Blechum谱系Ruellia。提供了一个初步的关键来区分这些物种，但Blechum血统作为一个整体值得进一步关注和实地考察，以确定每个分类群的精确限制。
The genus Blechum P. Browne (Acanthaceae) is best known by the widespread tropical weed formerly referred to as Blechum pyramidatum (Lam.) Urb. (recently re-established as Ruellia blechum L.). Some species of Blechum have been transferred to Ruellia based on macromorphological and molecular data, but comprehensive study of taxa assigned to Blechum is lacking. We reexamined morphological characters that have been used to distinguish Blechum from Ruellia including inflorescence structure and pollen and capsule morphology. Second, we conducted phylogenetic analyses including nine accessions from five of six species traditionally treated in Blechum (and that we here consider valid species) plus a synoptic sample of species of Ruellia based on the work of the first author. Results indicate that Blechum is nested within Ruellia with strong support. An alternative phylogenetic hypothesis of monophyly of Ruellia exclusive of species traditionally treated in Blechum was rejected under a likelihood but not a parsimony criterion. Based on morphological similarities, common chromosome numbers, and molecular data, we transfer the genus Blechum to Ruellia. Third, we studied specimens and images of specimens of as many pertinent historical collections as we could acquire. This study resulted in nomenclatural and taxonomic renovations that include several new taxonomic synonyms (reduction of Blechum killipii, Blechum linnaei, and Blechum trinitense), two new combinations (Ruellia haughtii and Ruellia panamensis), one new lectotypification (Blechum brownei α subcordatum f. albiflorum), and additional recommendations for future typification. Based on our morphological and molecular studies, six species of Ruellia are treated as constituting the Blechum lineage of Ruellia. A preliminary key is provided to distinguish these species, but the Blechum lineage as a whole deserves further attention and fieldwork to determine the precise limits of each taxon.