Snake population venomics and antivenomics of Bothrops atrox: Paedomorphism along its transamazonian dispersal and implications of geographic venom variability on snakebite management
Snake population venomics and antivenomics of Bothrops atrox: Paedomorphism along its transamazonian dispersal and implications of geographic venom variability on snakebite management
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jprot.2011.01.003
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Moura-Da-Silva, Ana M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Calvete, Juan J.;Sanz, Libia;Moura-Da-Silva, Ana M.
我们描述了两个地理上不同的毒液表型在广泛的分布范围内的Bothrops atrox，从哥伦比亚马格达莱纳Medio谷通过波多黎各阿亚库乔和萨尔瓦多Pauji，在委内瑞拉的亚马逊和奥里诺基亚州，分别和圣本托在巴西的马兰豪州。哥伦比亚和委内瑞拉的毒液表现出个体发育毒素谱表型，而巴西毒液表现出幼态表型。16个采样地点的毒液都含有种群特异性毒素和邻近B共享的蛋白质。atrox种群。将同种群体之间的分子相似性映射到B的物理图谱上。atrox范围提供了追踪传播路线的线索，这些路线解释了该物种目前的地理分布。蛋白质组模式是一致的东南和西南分散和异地破碎北方的亚马逊盆地，跨亚马逊扩张通过安第斯走廊和整个亚马逊河之间的蒙特阿莱格雷和桑塔雷姆。应用抗蛇毒方法评估对B的疗效。在哥斯达黎加和巴西使用不同于B的Bothrops毒液的两种抗蛇毒血清的atrox毒液。免疫混合物中的atrox表明，两种抗蛇毒血清都非常有效地免疫消除了从Puerto Ayacucho（委内瑞拉亚马逊河流域）到Sao Bento的幼兽毒液的主要毒素（PIII-SVMP、丝氨酸蛋白酶、CRISP、LAO），但对个体发育毒液中大量存在的PLA（2）和P-I SVMP分子的反应性受损。达到的免疫耗竭程度表明，这些抗蛇毒血清中的每一种都可能对幼态和某些个体发育的B毒液蛰入有效。阿托克斯毒液(C)2011 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
We describe two geographically differentiated venom phenotypes across the wide distribution range of Bothrops atrox, from the Colombian Magdalena Medio Valley through Puerto Ayacucho and El Pauji, in the Venezuelan States of Amazonas and Orinoquia, respectively, and Sao Bento in the Brazilian State of Maranhao. Colombian and Venezuelan venoms show an ontogenetic toxin profile phenotype whereas Brazilian venoms exhibit paedomorphic phenotypes. Venoms from each of the 16 localities sampled contain both population-specific toxins and proteins shared by neighboring B. atrox populations. Mapping the molecular similarity between conspecific populations onto a physical map of B. atrox range provides clues for tracing dispersal routes that account for the current biogeographic distribution of the species. The proteomic pattern is consistent with a model of southeast and southwest dispersal and allopatric fragmentation northern of the Amazon Basin, and trans-Amazonian expansion through the Andean Corridor and across the Amazon river between Monte Alegre and Santarem. An antivenomic approach applied to assess the efficacy towards B. atrox venoms of two antivenoms raised in Costa Rica and Brazil using Bothrops venoms different than B. atrox in the immunization mixtures showed that both antivenoms immunodepleted very efficiently the major toxins (PIII-SVMPs, serine proteinases, CRISP, LAO) of paedomorphic venoms from Puerto Ayacucho (Venezuelan Amazonia) through Sao Bento, but had impaired reactivity towards PLA(2) and P-I SVMP molecules abundantly present in ontogenetic venoms. The degree of immunodepletion achieved suggests that each of these antivenoms may be effective against envenomations by paedomorphic, and some ontogenetic, B. atrox venoms. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.