Assessing behavioral control across reinforcer solutions on a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement in rats.
Assessing behavioral control across reinforcer solutions on a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement in rats.
复制标题
根据固定比率的强化计划评估大鼠的强化解决方案的行为控制。
DOI：
10.1016/j.alcohol.2013.12.006
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Robinson,DonitaL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shillinglaw,JoelE;Everitt,IanK;Robinson,DonitaL
工具性行为可以从灵活的、目标导向的行动转变为自动的、刺激反应的行动。饱腹感特异性贬值测试通过评估饱腹感暂时贬值后的奖励寻求来评估行为灵活性;与控制条件相比，响应减少表明目标导向行为。我们已经观察到该测试结果的可变性，其可能取决于测试者。另一个习惯测试，偶然性退化，涉及在再培训过程中改变行动-结果关联，并确定奖励寻求是否对变化的偶然性敏感。我们假设，偶然性退化测试的结果将在不同的食物中保持一致，而饱腹感特异性贬值测试可能会在不同的食物中有所不同，因为它取决于食物诱导饱腹感的能力。因此，我们训练大鼠按照固定比例（FR 5）时间表自我给予1.5%蔗糖、10%蔗糖、10%乙醇或10 mM谷氨酸盐（MSG），该时间表已被证明可促进长期目标导向反应。接下来，在为期6周的三次特定于饱腹感的贬值测试中评估了行为灵活性。最后，我们研究了意外降级训练后的奖励寻求。在第一次测试中，所有组都表现出对特定于满足感的贬值的敏感性，表明目标导向的行为。虽然10%蔗糖和乙醇组保持目标导向，但1.5%蔗糖和味精组在后来的测试中表现出习惯性行为。然而，所有的组显示出下降的反应，在灭绝会议后，应急降级训练，表明目标导向的行为。这些结果表明，行为灵活性测试可以在相同的大鼠中产生不同的结果。接下来，来自1.5%蔗糖组的大鼠再次进行整个实验，现在自我施用10%蔗糖。这些大鼠在10%蔗糖条件下的饱腹感特异性和偶然性降解测试中表现出明显的目标导向行为，进一步表明增饱剂溶液影响饱腹感特异性贬值测试的结果。我们的结论是，在酒精研究中调查习惯性行为时，应考虑饮酒者的特征。
Instrumental behavior can shift from flexible, goal-directed actions to automatic, stimulus-response actions. The satiety-specific devaluation test assesses behavioral flexibility by evaluating reward seeking after temporary devaluation of the reinforcer via satiety; a decrease in responding compared to control conditions indicates goal-directed behavior. We have observed variability in the outcome of this test that may be dependent on the reinforcer. Another test of habit, contingency degradation, involves changing the action-outcome association over the course of retraining and determines whether reward seeking is sensitive to changing contingencies. We hypothesized that the outcome of the contingency-degradation test would remain consistent across reinforcers, while the satiety-specific devaluation test may vary across reinforcers because it depends on the ability of the reinforcer to induce satiety. Therefore, we trained rats to self-administer 1.5% sucrose, 10% sucrose, 10% ethanol, or 10 mM monosodium glutamate (MSG) on a fixed-ratio (FR5) schedule that has been shown to promote long-term, goal-directed responding. Next, behavioral flexibility was evaluated in three satiety-specific devaluation tests over 6 weeks. Finally, we investigated reward seeking after contingency-degradation training. All groups displayed sensitivity to satiety-specific devaluation in the first test, indicating goal-directed behavior. While the 10% sucrose and ethanol groups remained goal-directed, the 1.5% sucrose and MSG groups exhibited habit-like behavior in later tests. Nevertheless, all groups displayed decreased responding in an extinction session after contingency-degradation training, indicating goal-directed behavior. These results demonstrate that tests of behavioral flexibility can yield dissimilar results in the same rats. Next, rats from the 1.5% sucrose group underwent the entire experiment again, now self-administering 10% sucrose. These rats showed pronounced goal-directed behavior in satiety-specific and contingency-degradation tests under 10% sucrose conditions, further suggesting that the reinforcer solution affected the outcome of the satiety-specific devaluation test. We conclude that reinforcer characteristics should be considered when investigating habit-like behavior in alcohol research.