End-Permian marine extinction due to temperature-driven nutrient recycling and euxinia
End-Permian marine extinction due to temperature-driven nutrient recycling and euxinia
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DOI：
10.1038/s41561-021-00829-7
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发表时间：
2021-10-28
影响因子：
18.3
通讯作者：
Ridgwell, Andy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hulse, Dominik;Lau, Kimberly, V;Ridgwell, Andy
二叠纪末的极端变暖引起了海洋生物地球化学循环和动物可居住性的深刻变化，导致了地球历史上最大的后生动物灭绝。然而，灭绝的因果机制，是一致的地球化学条件的各种代理记录，通过间隔尚未确定。在这里，我们结合联合收割机地球系统模型与全球和当地的氧化还原解释从二叠纪/三叠纪，试图确定这种因果机制。我们的研究结果表明，温度驱动的微生物呼吸的增加可以调和重建的空间分布的euxinia和海底缺氧跨越二叠纪-三叠纪过渡。我们说明了如何提高代谢率会加强上层海洋营养物质（磷酸盐）的再循环，从而变浅和加强氧气最低区，最终导致缺氧沃茨扩展到大陆架和有毒的底栖生物栖息地。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，温度，微生物代谢，海洋氧化还原状态和碳循环之间的敏感互连在二叠纪末的大规模灭绝。由于海洋内部微生物活动的增强也降低了地下溶解无机碳同位素值，因此从浅层地下碳酸盐的同位素变化推断的碳释放可能被高估，不仅对于这一事件，而且可能对于地球历史上的许多其他碳循环和气候扰动。变暖增强的微生物呼吸可以解释整个深度的海洋缺氧模式，根据地球化学模型和地球化学代用记录，这是二叠纪末大规模灭绝的关键驱动因素。
Extreme warming at the end-Permian induced profound changes in marine biogeochemical cycling and animal habitability, leading to the largest metazoan extinction in Earth's history. However, a causal mechanism for the extinction that is consistent with various proxy records of geochemical conditions through the interval has yet to be determined. Here we combine an Earth system model with global and local redox interpretations from the Permian/Triassic in an attempt to identify this causal mechanism. Our results show that a temperature-driven increase in microbial respiration can reconcile reconstructions of the spatial distribution of euxinia and seafloor anoxia spanning the Permian-Triassic transition. We illustrate how enhanced metabolic rates would have strengthened upper-ocean nutrient (phosphate) recycling, and thus shoaled and intensified the oxygen minimum zones, eventually causing euxinic waters to expand onto continental shelves and poison benthic habitats. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the sensitive interconnections between temperature, microbial metabolism, ocean redox state and carbon cycling during the end-Permian mass extinction. As enhanced microbial activity in the ocean interior also lowers subsurface dissolved inorganic carbon isotopic values, the carbon release as inferred from isotope changes in shallow subsurface carbonates is likely overestimated, not only for this event, but perhaps for many other carbon cycle and climate perturbations through Earth's history.Warming-enhanced microbial respiration can explain marine anoxia patterns across depth, a key driver of the end-Permian mass extinction, according to biogeochemical modelling and geochemical proxy records.