Is job satisfaction U-shaped in age?
Is job satisfaction U-shaped in age?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.2044-8325.1996.tb00600.x
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发表时间：
1996-03-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Warr, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clark, A;Oswald, A;Warr, P
人们普遍认为，工作满意度随着年龄的增长而线性增长。然而，有一些有说服力的论点和一些经验证据表明，这种关系是U形的，从就业初期的适度水平下降，然后稳步上升，直到退休。本文调查的关系，使用调查问卷的答复，从大样本的英国雇员。对于整体工作满意度，满意度与薪酬，并与工作本身的满意度一个非常显着的U形观察。有序概率技术，考虑到的序数的满意度数据，被用来分析这些形式的满意度和一个大的个人和工作特性之间的关系。尽管纳入了80个控制变量，但年龄和年龄平方变量（后者代表非线性成分）的系数仍然很大。因此，该文件提供了强有力的证据，年龄和工作满意度之间的U形关系。此外，它表明，类似的年龄模式发生员工的上下文无关的心理健康，这表明工作满意度和上下文无关的心理健康的影响，生活阶段和个人情况的非工作因素。随着年龄的增长，在期望的变化的重要性被强调。
It is generally believed that job satisfaction increases linearly with age. However, there are persuasive arguments, and some empirical evidence, that the relationship is U-shaped, declining from a moderate level in the early years of employment and then increasing steadily up to retirement. This paper investigates that relationship, using survey responses from a large sample of British employees. For overall job satisfaction, satisfaction with pay, and satisfaction with the work itself a strongly significant U-shape is observed. Ordered probit techniques, which take account of the ordinality of satisfaction data, are used to analyse the relationship between these forms of satisfaction and a large set of individual and job characteristics. Despite the inclusion of 80 control variables, significant coefficients persist for the age and age-squared variables (the latter representing the non-linear component). The paper thus provides strong evidence for a U-shaped relationship between age and job satisfaction. Furthermore, it is shown that a similar age pattern occurs for employees' context-free mental health, suggesting that both job satisfaction and context-free mental health are affected by non-job factors of life-stage and personal circumstances. The importance of changes in expectations with increasing age is emphasized.