The glitter of everyday memory…and the gold.
The glitter of everyday memory…and the gold.
复制标题
日常记忆的闪光……还有黄金。
DOI：
10.1037/0003-066x.46.1.16
复制
发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Loftus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Loftus
在《》杂志上，美国心理学家的一篇题为《日常记忆的破产》的文章引起了不小的轰动。这被许多人解读为是对一类记忆研究人员的指控，他们据称会牺牲对“真正普遍的原则”的追求，接受“日常方法的闪光点”(Banaji&Crowder，1989，p.1192)。奇怪的是，日常记忆俱乐部的会员资格标准是脱节的。一些“每天”的研究人员不遗余力地使用生态有趣的刺激材料来研究记忆(例如47天的斯堪的纳维亚自行车之旅)。其他人使用了现实操作的意识状态(如酒精中毒)，或多彩的受试者群体(如任何不是大学本科生的人)，或自然主义观察(如对实际犯罪的记忆)。在他们的摘要中，Banaji和Crowder告诉读者，他们将批评日常记忆方法。在这篇主要文章中，他们特别抱怨了过去十年里日常生活中人们热情洋溢的花言巧语，他们声称“只要研究人员从‘真实世界’中寻求假说的验证”，关于记忆的重要问题是可以解决的(第1185页)。《破产》一词出现在书名中，并再次出现在第一页，当时读者被预先警告说，发展一种生态上有效的记忆心理的努力将会被提出一个论点，即发展一种生态有效的记忆心理的努力已经证明自己基本上已经破产了(Banaji&Crowder，1989，第1185页)。为什么要破产？Banaji和Crowder直截了当地说：“没有发现新的记忆原理；也没有开发出增加复杂性或精确度的数据收集方法”(第1185页)。相反，任何戏剧性的新发现的原则都被证明是“实验室智慧的日常表现”(第1190页)。此外，他们担心，日常记忆的运动“可能会损害我们年轻时取得的真正成就”(第1185页)。对该条款的反应
In 1989, an article in the American Psychologist entitled "The Bankruptcy of Everyday Memory" caused quite a stir. It was read by many as an accusation against a class of memory researchers who would purportedly sacrifice the quest for "truly generalizable principles" by embracing the "glitter of everyday methods" (Banaji & Crowder, 1989, p. 1192). The membership criteria for qualification in the everyday memory club were curiously disjunctive. Some "'everyday" researchers went out of their way to study memory by using ecologically interesting stimulus materials (such as a 47-day bicycle tour through Scandanavia). Others used realistically manipulated states of consciousness (such as alcohol intoxication), or colorful subject populations (such as anyone who is not a college undergraduate), or naturalistic observation (such as memory for an actual crime). In their abstract, Banaji and Crowder told readers that they would be criticizing the everyday memory approach. In the main article, they specifically complained about the past decade of passionate rhetoric espoused by the everyday types who allegedly claimed that important questions about memory could be tackled "'if only researchers looked to the 'real world' for hypothesis validation" (p. 1185). Bankruptcy was the word used in the title and again on the first page when readers were forewarned that an argument would be made that the move to develop an ecologically valid psychology of memory "has proven itself largely bankrupt" (Banaji & Crowder, 1989, p. 1185). Why bankrupt? Banaji and Crowder said plainly: "No new principles of memory have been discovered; and no methods of data collection have been developed that add sophistication or precision" (p. 1185). Rather, any dramatic emergent principles that were uncovered turned out to be "everyday manifestations of laboratory wisdom" (p. 1190). Moreover, the everyday memory movement, they worried, "carries the potential danger of compromising genuine accomplishments of our young endeavor" (p. 1185). Reactions to the Article