Growth and Behavior of Trichoplax adhaerens: First Record of the Phylum Placozoa in Hawaii
Growth and Behavior of Trichoplax adhaerens: First Record of the Phylum Placozoa in Hawaii
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Trichoplax adhaerens 的生长和行为：夏威夷板动物门的首次记录
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发表时间：
1989
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
V. B. Pearse
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作者：
V. B. Pearse
本文首次报道粘毛板虫Trichoplax adhaerens F. E. Schulze（门Placozoa）在夏威夷。1986年11月和12月期间，在俄勒冈州Kewalo盆地太平洋生物医学研究中心的海水系统中放置的载玻片上发现了一些人。在实验室中，在大约23°C的温度下，对夏威夷扁形动物生长速率的记录显示，在数量（通过分裂）和生物量（通过面积估计）上，倍增时间从1天到3天不等。在一项基质偏好测试中，动物更喜欢条件化的载玻片（在海水中放置数周）而不是干净的载玻片。观察到对紫外线的强烈反应。太平洋的材料和方法（澳大利亚大堡礁苍鹭岛：A。T.纽贝里，个人通信，1987年7月;汤斯维尔，澳大利亚：K. G. Grell，personal communication，July 1988; Guam，帕劳，and Madang，巴布亚新几内亚：V. B. Pearse，未发表的观察，1988年7月至8月）。这些分散的地点表明，扁形动物可能出现在世界各地温暖的沿海沃茨（也见Grell 1981）。我在这里报告他们在夏威夷的存在，并描述了一些观察他们的行为和生长速度在混合实验室文化。1988年8月，我接受了曼尼托巴。2加州大学海洋科学研究所，圣克鲁兹，加州95064。平壳动物虽然是在世纪前被发现和描述的（Schulze 1883，1891），但作为一个门被确立的时间相对较晚（Grell 1971）。它们的分布记录很少且不完整，可能是因为大多数生物学家对它们不熟悉，而且除了两个例外，它们完全是热带或亚热带的。粘毛板虫（Trichoplaxadhaerens）于夏末在两个温带地点被发现--1973年在马萨诸塞州的伍兹霍尔海洋生物实验室和1974年在英国普利茅斯的实验室--这两个地点都是夏末（R. L.米勒，个人通信）。在墨西哥湾流的这些地点，可能会有扁形动物;然而，非本地的生物，包括许多来自亚热带栖息地的已知范围内的扁形动物，定期引入这些收集和维护实验室。其他记录包括地中海（亚得里亚海），红海（海湾为了收集盾形动物，清洁的玻璃显微镜埃拉特），西北大西洋（百慕大显微镜载玻片放置在阴影150升和北美东南海岸：水槽与流动的海水（25°C）绘制Grell 1980），和太平洋（西萨摩亚：从海洋前面的实验室在K。J .马歇尔，个人通信，基瓦洛盆地，檀香山，俄勒冈州。在间隔--1970; --Iw --半岛-日本：--Qfse ver-al days~ slides--were transferred into Sudzuki 1977）。几个更多的报告可以在我升塑料盒填充幻灯片机架添加到这个列表中，一个为加勒比未经过滤的海水，并保持在（金塔纳罗奥，墨西哥：K. G. Grell，perlaboratory at room temperature（23 ± 1°C）sonal communication，July 1988）和几个具有通风和添加食物的酵母菌（两滴商业液体酵母菌悬浮液（“Marine Invertebrate Diet，”Hawaiian Marine Imports，Inc .）每升海水）。每隔几天，海水就会被换一次，食物也会被换一次。
I report here the first record of Trichoplax adhaerens F. E. Schulze (phylum Placozoa) in Hawaii. Individuals were found on glass slides placed in the seawater system of the Pacific Biomedical Research Center on Kewalo Basin, Oahu, during November and December 1986. Records ofgrowth rates of Hawaiian placozoans, in the laboratory at about 23°C, showed a doubling time ranging from I to 3 days, both in numbers (by fission) and in biomass (estimated by area). In a test for substrate preference, the animals favored conditioned glass slides (left in seawater for several weeks) over clean glass slides. A strong reaction to ultraviolet was observed. MATERIALS AND METHODS for the Pacific (Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: A. T. Newberry, personal communication, July 1987; Townsville, Australia: K. G. Grell , personal communication, July 1988; Guam, Palau, and Madang, Papua New Guinea: V. B. Pearse , unpublished observations, July-August 1988). This scattering of sites suggests that placozoans probably occur in warm coastal waters around the world (see also Grell 1981). I report here their presence in Hawaii and describe some observations on their behavior and growth rates in mixed laboratory culture. I Manuscript accepted August 1988. 2 Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Sant a Cruz, California 95064. PLACOZOANS, though discovered and described a century ago (Schulze 1883, 1891), were established as a phylum relatively recently (Grell 1971). Their recorded distribution is scant and patchy, probably because most biologists are not familiar with them, and it is entirely tropical or subtropical, with two exceptions. Trichoplax adhaerens was found in late summer at two temperate sites-the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole , Massachusetts, in 1973 and The Laboratory, Plymouth, England, in 1974-both during late summer (R. L. Miller, personal communication). Placozoans could possibly reach these sites in the Gulf Stream; however, nonlocal organisms, including many from subtropical habitats within the known range of placozoans , are regularly introduced into these Collection and Maintenance laboratories. Other records include the Mediterranean (Adriatic), the Red Sea (Gulf To collect placozoans, clean glass microofEilat), the northwestern Atlantic (Bermuda scope slides were placed in shaded 150-liter and the southeastern coast of North America: tanks with running seawater (25°C) drawn Grell 1980), and the Pacific (Western Samoa: from the ocean fronting the laboratory at K. J . Marschall, personal communication, Kewalo Basin, Honolulu, Oahu. At intervals --1970; -Iw -Peninsula-:-fIonshu lsland--;Japan:--Qfse ver-al days~ slides-were t ransferred into Sudzuki 1977). Several more reports can be slide racks in I-liter plastic boxes filled with added to this list, one for the Caribbean unfiltered seawater and maintained in the (Quintana Roo, Mexico: K. G. Grell , perlaboratory at room temperature (23 ± 1°C) sonal communication, July 1988) and several with aeration and added food [two drops of commercial liquid yeast suspension ("Marine Invertebrate Diet," Hawaiian Marine Imports, Inc .) per liter of seawater]. Every few days , the seawater was changed, food was