The physiology of fertilization in the medaka (Oryzias latipes).
The physiology of fertilization in the medaka (Oryzias latipes).
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青鳉（Oryzias latipes）受精的生理学。
DOI：
10.1016/0014-4827(56)90011-8
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发表时间：
1956
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
T. Yamamoto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Yamamoto
人们对无脊椎动物卵子受精的生理已有广泛的研究，但对鱼卵受精时的生理变化的研究较少。这是由于缺乏适当的材料以及不适当的方法。长期以来，硬骨鱼成熟的未受精卵在浸入鱼类生活的水中后，会在很短的时间内失去受精性。例如，青竹的成熟未受精卵，一种淡水鲤齿鱼，在浸入淡水后几分钟内就无法受精。因此，很少对受精反应进行生理学分析。虽然“干法”在实际应用中是很好的，但它不适合于对施肥反应的生理分析。Runnstrijm[8]似乎是第一个观察到鲑鱼的卵子在等渗盐溶液中长期保持受精性的人。然而，在等渗溶液中，萨纳目鱼类卵子中的受精反应不发生。青竹的卵被发现与M7.5的氯化钠等渗[16]。作者[13,171]发现青竹的未受精卵在等渗林格氏溶液(M/7.5NaCl100份+M/7.5KCl2.0份+M/L1CaCl2.1份，用NaHCO，pH 7.3)中保存数小时后仍能保持受精能力。此外，卵子能够在林格氏液中受精和正常发育。雌性青竹的成熟周期为24小时，在繁殖季节的每天黎明时产卵。为了获得用于研究目的的成熟的未受精卵，之前正在产卵的雌性和雄性必须在进行实验的前一天被隔离。建议牺牲雌性来获得成熟的卵子，因为普通的剥离方法经常会伤害卵子，并使它们表现出机械激活。当从分离的卵巢中取出的成熟卵子被浸泡在Ringer‘s溶液中时，只有少数成熟卵子(5%-6%)表现出自动激活，而大多数保持不变。未激活
ALTIIOVGII extensive studies have been done on the physiology of fertilization in invertcbratc ova, only a few works have appeared on the physiological change occurring in fish eggs at the time of fertilization. This is due to lack of appropriate materials as well as to inadequate methods. It has long been kno\vn that ripe unfertilized ova of teleosts lose their fertilizability within a short period after they are immersed into water in which fish are living. For instance, ripe unfertilized eggs of the medaka (Oryzias latipes), a fresh-water cyprinodont, become incapable of fertilization within a few minutes after they have been immersed into fresh water. For this reason physiological analysis of the fertilization reaction has rarely been performed. Although the “dry method” is excellent for practical use, it is not adequate for the physiological analysis of the fertilization reaction. Runnstrijm [8] seems to have been the first to observe that ova of a salmonid fish long retain fertilizability in an isotonic salt solution. The fertilization reaction in ova of sahnonid fish, however, does not occur in the isotonic solution. The egg of the medaka was found to be isotonic to M 7.5 NaCl [16]. The writer [13, 171 found that unfertilized ova of the medaka retain their fertilization capacity for a number of hours after they have been kept in an isotonic Ringer’s solution (M/7.5 NaCl 100 parts+ M/7.5 KC1 2.0 parts+ M/l1 CaCl, 2.1 parts, pH 7.3 by NaHCO,). Furthermore ova are capable of fertilization and normal development in Ringer’s solution. The female medaka exhibits a maturation cycle of 24 hours and lays a batch of eggs at dawn of every day during the breeding season. In order to obtain ripe unfertilized eggs for research purposes, previously egg-laying females must be isolated from males a day before the experiment is to be performed. It is recommended that females be sacrificed to obtain ripe ova because ordinary stripping method frequently injures ova and causes them to manifest mechanical activation. When ripe ova removed from isolated ovary are immersed into Ringer’s solution, only a few ripe ova (5-6 per cent) exhibit auto-activation while the majority remain unchanged. Non-activated