Failure of the Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, to serve as an experimental vector of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto
Failure of the Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, to serve as an experimental vector of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.101311
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Eisen, Lars
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Breuner, Nicole E.;Ford, Shelby L.;Eisen, Lars
2017年8月，在美国东部的新泽西发现了具有入侵性的、咬人的亚洲长角蜱，长角血蜱，到2018年11月，这种蜱已经在9个州的45个县被记录下来，主要分布在东海岸的沿着。H.长角蜱在美国的传播引起了人们的疑问，即它叮咬人类的频率有多高，以及哪些本地病原体可能会自然感染这种蜱。还需要用天然病原体进行实验性载体能力研究，以确定H。长角虫在进食时可获得特定的病原体，并将病原体通过肠道传播，然后将病原体传播到下一个生命阶段。在这项实验研究中，我们评估的载体能力的人口H。源自美国（纽约）的长角疏螺旋体，莱姆病螺旋体狭义伯氏疏螺旋体（Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto（s.s.））的天然分离株（B31）。这与先前关于H. longicornis为Borrelia garinii，我们发现未感染的H.长角蚁幼虫可获得B。狭义伯氏疏同时喂养感染的小家鼠（在新喂养的幼虫中感染流行率> 50%），但在蜕皮至若虫阶段期间感染消失。520只试验的蜕皮羔羊均未发现感染，表明B.狭义伯氏疏在H.长角类;基于本研究中与阴性样本数相关的潜在误差，我们估计感染流行率的95%上限为0.73%。肩胛硬蜱过程控制显示B的有效采集。狭义伯氏疏通过未感染的幼虫和经幼虫期进入若虫期的途径从感染的小鼠中分离（对于新鲜喂养的幼虫和蜕皮的幼虫，感染率为80-82%）。我们还观察到，虽然H.通过将蜱虫置于喂食胶囊内，可以迫使长角蜱幼虫以小鼠为食，当幼虫自由地置于小鼠的皮毛上时，附着和喂食成功率最低（< 0.5%）。我们的结论是H.在美国，长角线虫对莱姆病螺旋体的传播作用不大。
The invasive, human-biting Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, was detected in New Jersey in the eastern United States in August of 2017 and by November of 2018 this tick had been recorded from 45 counties across 9 states, primarily along the Eastern Seaboard. The establishment of H. longicornis in the United States has raised the questions of how commonly it will bite humans and which native pathogens may naturally infect this tick. There also is a need for experimental vector competence studies with native pathogens to determine if H. longicornis can acquire a given pathogen while feeding, pass it transstadially, and then transmit the pathogen in the next life stage. In this experimental study, we evaluated the vector competence of a population of H. longicornis originating from the United States (New York) for a native isolate (B31) of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.). In agreement with a previous experimental study on the vector competence of H. longicornis for Borrelia garinii, we found that uninfected H. longicornis larvae could acquire B. burgdorferi s.s. while feeding on infected Mus musculus mice (infection prevalence> 50% in freshly fed larvae) but that the infection was lost during the molt to the nymphal stage. None of 520 tested molted nymphs were found to be infected, indicating that transstadial passage of B. burgdorferi s.s. is absent or rare in H. longicornis; and based on the potential error associated with the number of nymphs testing negative in this study, we estimate that the upper 95% limit for infection prevalence was 0.73%. An Ixodes scapularis process control showed both effective acquisition of B. burgdorferi s.s. from infected mice by uninfected larvae and transstadial passage to the nymphal stage (infection prevalence of 80-82% for both freshly fed larvae and molted nymphs). We also observed that although H. longicornis larvae could be compelled to feed on mice by placing the ticks within feeding capsules, attachment and feeding success was minimal (< 0.5%) when larvae were placed freely on the fur of the mice. We conclude that H. longicornis is unlikely to contribute more than minimally, if at all, to transmission of Lyme disease spirochetes in the United States.