Fast and Flexible Selection with a Single Switch
Fast and Flexible Selection with a Single Switch
复制标题
通过单个开关进行快速灵活的选择
作者：
Tamara Broderick;D. MacKay
只需要一次开关输入的选择方法，如点击按钮或眨眼，对于有运动障碍的个人、移动技术用户和希望安全传输信息的个人来说可能很有用。我们提出了一种通用、高效的单开关选择方法--“诺蒙法”。现有的单开关选择方法需要以限制潜在应用的方式排列可选选项。相比之下，传统操作系统、Web浏览器和自由格式应用程序(如绘图)将选项放置在屏幕上的任意点。然而，诺蒙可以灵活地选择屏幕上的任何点。诺蒙自动适应个人的点击能力；它允许点击准确的人快速进行选择，并允许点击不准确的人有更多时间进行选择而不会出错。通过允许关于选项选择概率的信念(先验)的规范以及通过避免支持直接(后验)推理的基于树的选择方案，诺蒙在信息率方面获得了收益。我们已经开发了一个基于诺曼的书写应用程序和一个绘图应用程序。为了评估Ngram的性能，我们将写入应用程序与现有的流行的单开关写入方法(行-列扫描)进行了比较。新手用户使用诺蒙界面比使用扫描界面快35%。一位经验丰富的用户(作者TB，练习了10个小时)以每分钟9.3字的速度使用NAC.105书写，每个字符使用1.2次点击，在最终文本中没有错误。
Selection methods that require only a single-switch input, such as a button click or blink, are potentially useful for individuals with motor impairments, mobile technology users, and individuals wishing to transmit information securely. We present a single-switch selection method, “Nomon,” that is general and efficient. Existing single-switch selection methods require selectable options to be arranged in ways that limit potential applications. By contrast, traditional operating systems, web browsers, and free-form applications (such as drawing) place options at arbitrary points on the screen. Nomon, however, has the flexibility to select any point on a screen. Nomon adapts automatically to an individual's clicking ability; it allows a person who clicks precisely to make a selection quickly and allows a person who clicks imprecisely more time to make a selection without error. Nomon reaps gains in information rate by allowing the specification of beliefs (priors) about option selection probabilities and by avoiding tree-based selection schemes in favor of direct (posterior) inference. We have developed both a Nomon-based writing application and a drawing application. To evaluate Nomon's performance, we compared the writing application with a popular existing method for single-switch writing (row-column scanning). Novice users wrote 35% faster with the Nomon interface than with the scanning interface. An experienced user (author TB, with 10 hours practice) wrote at speeds of 9.3 words per minute with Nomon, using 1.2 clicks per character and making no errors in the final text.
DOI：
10.1109/86.736156
发表时间：
1998
期刊：
IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Lesher,GW;Moulton,BJ;Higginbotham,DJ
通讯作者：
Higginbotham,DJ