Intentional communication by chimpanzees: A cross-sectional study of the use of referential gestures
Intentional communication by chimpanzees: A cross-sectional study of the use of referential gestures
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DOI：
10.1037/0012-1649.34.5.813
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发表时间：
1998-09-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Hopkins, WD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leavens, DA;Hopkins, WD
本研究描述了115只年龄从3岁到56岁的黑猩猩使用的参考手势与伴随的凝视定向行为，远端的食物对象和交流互动。香蕉和实验者之间的目光交替与声音和手势交流显著相关。指向是最常见的手势引出; 47名受试者用整只手指向，而6名受试者用食指指向。因此，交流指向是实验室黑猩猩普遍使用的，没有明确的指向训练，语言训练，或家庭抚养。与年长的黑猩猩相比，少年黑猩猩与成年雄性实验者交流的倾向显著下降。与托儿所饲养的黑猩猩相比，显着较少的母亲饲养的黑猩猩表现出凝视交替。
This study describes the use of referential gestures with concomitant gaze orienting behavior to both distal food objects and communicative interactants by 115 chimpanzees, ranging from 3 to 56 years of age. Gaze alternation between a banana and an experimenter was significantly associated with vocal and gestural communication. Pointing was the most common gesture elicited; 47 subjects pointed with the whole hand, whereas 6 subjects pointed with index fingers. Thus, communicative pointing is commonly used by laboratory chimpanzees, without explicit training to point, language training, or home rearing. Juveniles exhibited striking decrements in their propensity to communicate with adult male experimenters compared with older chimpanzees. Significantly fewer mother-reared chimpanzees exhibited gaze alternation compared with nursery-reared chimpanzees.