Stimulation of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Enhances Adaptive Cognitive Control: A High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Study
Stimulation of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Enhances Adaptive Cognitive Control: A High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Study
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2450-16.2016
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发表时间：
2016-12-14
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Meinzer, Marcus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gbadeyan, Oyetunde;McMahon, Katie;Meinzer, Marcus
冲突适应是适应性认知控制的一个标志性效应，是指控制调整到先前经历的冲突水平。冲突监控理论认为，背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）是因果关系参与这种调整。然而，到目前为止，人类的证据主要是相关的，和异质性方面的控制偏侧的DLPFC。我们使用高清晰度经颅直流电刺激（HD-tDCS），它允许更多的局灶电流输送比传统的tDCS，以澄清冲突适应的DLPFC的因果关系。具体而言，我们调查的区域特异性和偏侧化的潜在有益刺激冲突适应的视觉侧翼任务。120名健康参与者被分配到四种HD-tDCS条件下：左侧或右侧DLPFC或左侧或右侧初级运动皮层（M1）。在交叉、双盲设计中，每组均接受活性和假HD-tDCS。我们获得了相当大的冲突适应效果（测量作为调制的侧翼效应作为以前的反应冲突的函数）在所有组和条件。然而，在两个DLPFC组中，主动HD-tDCS下的这种效应大于假刺激下的效应。相反，主动刺激对M1组的冲突适应没有影响。总之，目前的研究结果表明，DLPFC在适应性认知控制中起着因果作用，但DLPFC在控制中的参与并不局限于左半球或右半球。此外，我们的研究证实了HD-tDCS以区域特异性方式调节认知的潜力。
Conflict adaptation is a hallmark effect of adaptive cognitive control and refers to the adjustment of control to the level of previously experienced conflict. Conflict monitoring theory assumes that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is causally involved in this adjustment. However, to date, evidence in humans is predominantly correlational, and heterogeneous with respect to the lateralization of control in the DLPFC. We used high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS), which allows for more focal current delivery than conventional tDCS, to clarify the causal involvement of the DLPFC in conflict adaptation. Specifically, we investigated the regional specificity and lateralization of potential beneficial stimulation effects on conflict adaptation during a visual flanker task. One hundred twenty healthy participants were assigned to four HD-tDCS conditions: left or right DLPFC or left or right primary motor cortex (M1). Each group underwent both active and sham HD-tDCS in crossover, double-blind designs. We obtained a sizeable conflict adaptation effect (measured as the modulation of the flanker effect as a function of previous response conflict) in all groups and conditions. However, this effect was larger under active HD-tDCS than under sham stimulation in both DLPFC groups. In contrast, active stimulation had no effect on conflict adaptation in the M1 groups. In sum, the present results indicate that the DLPFC plays a causal role in adaptive cognitive control, but that the involvement of DLPFC in control is not restricted to the left or right hemisphere. Moreover, our study confirms the potential of HD-tDCS to modulate cognition in a regionally specific manner.