Insights into the dynamics between viruses and their hosts in a hot spring microbial mat
Insights into the dynamics between viruses and their hosts in a hot spring microbial mat
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DOI：
10.1038/s41396-020-0705-4
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发表时间：
2020-07-13
期刊：
影响因子：
11
通讯作者：
Woyke, Tanja
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jarett, Jessica K.;Dzunkova, Maria;Woyke, Tanja
我们目前对生物膜中宿主与病毒相互作用的了解仅限于基于少量培养细菌的实验室实验的计算预测。然而，天然生物膜是多种多样的，主要由未培养的细菌和古生菌组成，迄今为止没有描述病毒感染模式和生活方式预测。在此，我们预测了第一个基于DNA序列的宿主-病毒在自然生物膜中的相互作用。使用单细胞基因组学和宏基因组学应用于加州莫诺县的Cone Pool温泉垫，我们提供了对病毒宿主范围，生活方式和不同垫层分布的见解。130个单细胞中有34个含有至少一个病毒重叠群（26%），这些重叠群与宏基因组组装的基因组一起检测到与34种宿主物种相关的59种病毒。单细胞扩增动力学的分析揭示了在单细胞水平上缺乏活跃的病毒复制。通过将来自不同垫层的宏基因组读段映射到所获得的宿主-病毒对，进一步支持了这些发现，这表明与其宿主相比，病毒基因组的拷贝数较低。最后，宏基因组数据揭示了病毒的高层特异性，表明向其他垫层的扩散有限。综上所述，这些观察结果表明，在具有高微生物丰度的低流动性环境中，溶原性是主要的病毒生活方式，与先前提出的“背负式赢家”理论一致。
Our current knowledge of host-virus interactions in biofilms is limited to computational predictions based on laboratory experiments with a small number of cultured bacteria. However, natural biofilms are diverse and chiefly composed of uncultured bacteria and archaea with no viral infection patterns and lifestyle predictions described to date. Herein, we predict the first DNA sequence-based host-virus interactions in a natural biofilm. Using single-cell genomics and metagenomics applied to a hot spring mat of the Cone Pool in Mono County, California, we provide insights into virus-host range, lifestyle and distribution across different mat layers. Thirty-four out of 130 single cells contained at least one viral contig (26%), which, together with the metagenome-assembled genomes, resulted in detection of 59 viruses linked to 34 host species. Analysis of single-cell amplification kinetics revealed a lack of active viral replication on the single-cell level. These findings were further supported by mapping metagenomic reads from different mat layers to the obtained host-virus pairs, which indicated a low copy number of viral genomes compared to their hosts. Lastly, the metagenomic data revealed high layer specificity of viruses, suggesting limited diffusion to other mat layers. Taken together, these observations indicate that in low mobility environments with high microbial abundance, lysogeny is the predominant viral lifestyle, in line with the previously proposed "Piggyback-the-Winner" theory.